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最新回复

• ping (2007-3-01 17:09:20)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.??????????????????????
  2.???????¨?????????????????????????á????
  3.?????¨?????????°?à???????ú???°?ì??
  4.???????????????°??±???????
  5.????DIC????·??ú?????ò?ú?í?°???ú?????°?ì
  
  ????????????
  1.???????±???????????????????ò?°???í±???????????
  2.???¨?????????????????????à?°??????
  3.???¨???á????
  4.???¨?¨?????ú?????°?ì??
  5.???????ó????
  6.???????ú?????°?ì
  
  ????????????
  ??  ?????°???????????ú?í
  
  ???????§·?·¨
  1.?????à???????§??
  2.?????§??????????????????·?????????
  3.???±???????????????á?????¤????????????
  
  ????????
  ??  ?à???????§??????????????±ê±?
  
  ????
  ??????????
  ?????????????í?à?????????????????????·??°??????????????????·??°????í?à??±????ù????±??????????????????????????????????¨?????????????¨×????????????°??????·??à???????÷???????????????¨???????¨????????????????????
  
  ?????????¨hyperemia??
  
  1.?¨?????ú??????×é???ò?÷???????????????à????????????
  2.·??à??
  (1)???????????¨arterial hyperemia????
  ????  ????×é???ò?÷???ò?????????????à???????????à??????????????????
  ????  ???ò???ú???????í?????§???ú?????ò???????????¨?????ò???????¨?±????       
  ????????±??????????÷????×é?????????????ó???????ì??????·??ú????±í?ò??????????????
  ????  ?ó????????????±????????????ò???§??????????????????????????????????
  (2)???????????¨venous hyperemia????
  ????  ???¨???????????????÷??×è??????????????????????????????????????×é???ò?÷?????????????à???????????¨congestion??
  ????  ?????ò????????????????????????????????×è????????°ê??????°??????í????????????
  ??  ??????±???×??¤???????????????????ó??????
  ??  ?????ó????×é?????×?ò???????÷????????°???????????????×é?????ú
  ????  ????????
  ??    ??A.????·??????¨·????????? brown induration of lung?? ??
  ????      ??±?
  ????      ×ó????
  ????      ?¤??????·?????
  ????      ??????°?
  ????????B.???????????¨é?????Nutmeg liver????
  ????      ??±?
  ????      ??????
  ??      ???¤????????????
  ????      ????????????
  
  ???????¨?????¨thrombosis??
  1.?¨?????????????????ò??????????????????????????·????????????ò????·??ú?????????????????é??????
  2.???????????????¤???????????÷×???????±?????????????????
  3.?à????
  ????°×?????¨????°×????????°????·??
  ?????ì?????¨???ì?????ì??°???????????????
  ?????ì?????¨???ì°×?à????????
  ???????÷???¨???????·??????????????????????????????DIC
  4.?á?????í???????ü???? ?ú???????¨??????
  5.?°?ì??????????????×è?????÷?????¨?¨??????°ê?¤??
  
  ?????¨???¨embolism??
  1.?¨?????????·???????????????????????ì?????????????÷??????×è???????????????ó
  2.?¨×??????à?????¨?¨×???????????·????ò???????ú???ò?????????ú?????×????°?
  3.?¨×??????????????????÷·??ò????
  ??????×????????°???????¨×????¨????·??????ò??·??§??
  ??????×?×ó???°???????????¨×????¨?????????????????????÷??????????
  ??????×??????????????¨×????¨??????????????·??§
  4.?¨????????
  ???????¨?¨???¨thromboembolism????·??????¨?????????????????¨90%????·?????????????
  ???ü?§????×??¤???§?????????·???????¨????×ó????????±????¨????°ê?¤???????¨???????à?ù???????????????¨
  ?????ò???¨???¨amniotic fluid embolism?????ò?¤?????????·×è???ú????×??????????????????????????ò??±???????????×???±?????????????·??? ??????????????????·??????????ò ???????????ì?????ù?????????????¤??????????·à????????·??ú???ü?§????×??¤??????????????????
  
  ?????????¨infarction??
  1.?¨?????÷???ò????×é?????????????????????à?§???·?????????¨?????????±????????
  2.???ò??????×è???????¨???????¨????????±?????±???????????±????????????????·??
  3.?à????
  ???????????????¨anemic infarct????×é???á?????????à?§???·??·á?????????÷???¨????????
  ????????±?
  ???????????????¨hemorrhagic infarct????×é???è????°é?????????¨·???????????±?
  4.?ó?????????????ü???????ò????????????????????
  
  
  ???°??????????
  ??????????????
  ????????  ???? ??????°? ·????????? é????? ???¨???? ???÷???¨ ?ò???¨?? ???? ?????????? ??????????  ??????????  DIC
  ????????????
  ????1.???????????±???????????????á????é???×??¨????
  ????2.?¨×???????????????
  ????3.?ò???¨???????í???÷????????
  ????4.?????????????¨???????¨???°??????????????????
  ????5.?????????????????????ò???????????ú?????????°?ì??

• ping (2007-3-01 17:10:14)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.???????ú???????°?á????????°????ù±??????????ò??
  2.?????°?á????????????·??ú?ú?í?°?÷??????????????????±í????
  3.?ì?¤???????????°·??à??
  4.?????ú?????á???????????°·??à??
  
  ????????????
  1.?????°?á????????????·??ú?ú?í????
  2.?????ú?????á???????????°·??à??
  
  ????????????
  ??  ?????°?á????????????·??ú?ú?í??
  ???????§·?·¨
  1.???????????à???????§??
  2.?????§??????????????????·?????????
  3.???±???????????????á?????¤????????????
  ????????
  ?à???????§????
  ????
  ????????????????????????????????????×é??????????????60%????????°???????40%????°???????20%????°???????°ü?¨??????×é???????°??????????????????????????????·????ò?ê??????±???????×???????????
  ??????°???????????????????·????ì???ó????°????????÷??????×???K+???÷??????×???HPO42-??Pr-????°????????÷??????×???Na+???÷??????×???Cl-??HCO3-??
  ??????×é???????????????÷????Na+??Cl-??HCO3-?ú?ú??????????????????280??310 mmol/L???????±??°??????????????à?????±???à????????±??±?????????????????ò????×???????????°??????????????à????????
  
  ???????×?¨edema??
  ??????????????????°????????????à???????×??????????
  ???????????????????§????????°??????ú?????à?¨?????????÷?????????????????????????????????????????????????¨????????????°????÷??×è???¤
  ???ò???????§?????????????????????ó???¨?????ò?????????????????????????????ü??????????
  ???×???à???????????×?????????×???????????×?????????×??·????×???????×?????????????×???×?????×????
  1.·????×?????í??????
  ????·????????ó????????????????±?????±??¤???????????ó???ò??????????°??ì????·????????í?????????÷???ó??????×?????????·?×é????????????????·????????à??·??ì???????°?????????¤??°???·????????í?????à???????????×???±???????????????ì???à??°×??°???
  2.?????×?????í??????
  ???????×???÷????????????????????????°??÷????×???·??ú·???????
  3.?????×?????í??????
  ???????×???????????????????????????????????±?????????????¤??°?±??????????ù?×?¤·?????
  4.?????×?????í??????
  ???????×??????????????????????????????±???·???????
  5.?????×?????í??????
  ???????í?¤??????????±??í??±?????????±????????????????????????????????????è???à?????????????????????????????????§??°??????????????ú???×??????????°??×???????????????????á??????????????????????????????????°????§?ò???×??????????????????
  ?????????¨dehydration??
  ?????á??????????
  
  ????????
  1. ???????á???????????????÷???á??????????×÷????
  2. ?ò???????÷???á??????????×÷????
  3. ?ò???ú?????á?????±?ú?????ú???÷??×÷????
  4. ?±?????ü???á?????±?ú?????÷???ú??????????????
  5. ???????±?????ü???á?????????????à????????????????±??ú?????á?????????ü?÷????
  6. ?á???????????????????¨??????????
  7. ?????????×?????????á??????????????·?????·??ú?ú????
  8. ??????×?·??????á???ò???±?????????????????á????·??????á???ò??
  9. ?????ú???????????±???à??????????·???·??ú?ú????
  10. ?????±?????ü?????????±?ú?????÷???ú???ú????
  11. ?ú?????????÷??????????????
  12. ?????????????????????ó?ù?????????à??????????×??????ú????????????
  13. ?????????????????ó?×???????·?????????????????????????×???????·??????×???
  14. ???????????á???????????°?ì????????·??ú?ú????
  15. ??????????????????????????????·??????°?ì??????????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:11:01)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.??????????±????????????ù±???????
  2.??????????±??????????????ò??·????ú?í???°???ú?????°?ì??
  3.?ì?¤??°??????????ò???????????????§?????°????????±???
  
  ????????????
  1.??????????±??????????????????à???°???í±?????
  2.?ò????????????±???
  
  ????????
  1. ????°???·?±??????ú??
  2. ??°??ò?????????????°????????°?????±?
  
  ???????§·?·¨
  1. ????·???±?????????????·?
  2. ?à???????????à?????????????÷?????§????
  3. ??·??????á????????
  4. ??????????????
  
  ????????
  ?à??????????????????±ê±???????
  
  ????
  
  ?????????¨atrophy??
  1.??????·??????ì???÷????×é???ò??°?·??ú??????????????????????????
  2.??±??????í?????????????í?÷?÷????×é???ù????????????????????????????????????×é?????÷?????????????????????????????????????ò?????????ò×÷?????à??×é???ò?÷??·??ú·??ó??
  3.????????
  ????????·??ó(pseudohypertrophy)
    ??·????????¨hypoplasia??
  ??????·????¨agenesis??
    ???????¨degeneration??
  4.·??à
  ?????ú?í???¨???í????????
    ?????í???¨???í????????
  5.?á??
  
  ????±????¨degeneration??
  ????   ??????±????????????á????·??à
  1.??°???±????¨cellular hydropic ~???ò ??°????×?¨cellular swelling??
  ??(1)??????°??????????????????÷????°??×????
  ??(2)?ú?????????????????±?????????ò???±????????°??¤???á???????????????????????????????????????á???·???????×?á??·??ú??°???ATP?ú?????????¤??????±???°?????????°???????×????à????????·???????°????à????°??ò?????ó??
  ??(3)??±??¨???????????×?ó??±??¤???????????????????ó±??????????à?í????±???°????????×?ó???×?ó????°??????????í?à?????ì??????????????°?????????°???????????????????????????×???
  2.??·?±????¨fatty ~ ??
  ????±? (fatty change)
  (1)????????°??????????????ò???????à??
  (2)????????????????
  ?? ??????·?±???
  ??   A. ??±? ???????×?ó??±??¤??????±????????????ó???????????à?í?????????????????????????????????????í?à???????????ó???????ó???????????·????°???±????á????·???°???
  ???? B. ???÷
  ????  ????·????¨fatty liver??
  ??   C. ????±????ú??
  ??      a. ???ò?ú???????????úATP???ú??·??á?????????ú????????
  ??      b. ???ò?ú??°???×é???á???????ú???°°×±????ú??????????????
  ????    c. ??????×?????°??????ú???°°×?????? ?ú????????
  ????    d. ??????·????????à?ú????????
  ?? ????????±?
  ???? ??°????¨tigeroid heart??
  ???? ??????·????ó?¨myocardial fatty infiltration??
  ??   ??·????¨fatty heart??
  3.???§?ù±???=???÷±???=?°??±??± ?¨hyaline~??
  (1)???????????????ò??°????????????ù???????á????????????±????ì?ò?á?????ì???????ì????
  (2)?????ò·??à
  ?? ????°?????±?
  ???? ????????????°??????÷??×?±?????????????°???°??????????ù?????ì???????§?ù????
  ?? ???????á??×é????±??¨ fibroid connective tissue hyaline~)
  ??   A. ?ú????????????
  ???? B. ??????°???×é?????????????????ò????????????????
  ??   C. ??±???????°×??°????÷??????????±??????§????????
     ??????±?????±?
  ????    A. ?????????????à????
  ????    B. ??±?????±???????±?????????????????±?????
  ????    C. ?ó?????????÷???±??????????±???????
  ????  4.???í???????¨pathologic calcification??
  (1)???? ??????????????????×é???????????????????????????í????????
  (2)????????????°×????×??ò???é×??á???????é?????????°?????ò????????×é???????????????????????ò???????ò???é?????????????????????á????????????
  (3)???? ???×?á???????á??????????±?????9??1??
  (4)·??à
  ?? ????????????????(dystrophic)
  ?? ??×??????????¨metastatic??
  
  ??????°????????¨???????ò????
  1.?????¨necrosis??
  (1)????????????????×é???ò??°???????
  (2)??±?
     ???????????????±?????ì??±?????
  ?? ?????? ??
       ??°?????A. ???????¨pyknosis ????   B. ???é???¨karyorrhexis)???? C. ???????¨karyolysis??
  ???? ??°?????A.°?????????×?  B.°????ì??  C.°???????????   D.???????á??????
       ???????ù?????????????????×????±?????????????????????????×??ò???é×??????á?????ì????????
  (3)???????à??
  ?? ?????????????¨coagulative necrosis??
  ???? A. ?????? ??????×é??·??ú?????????÷????????
  ??   B. ????????????????????
       C. ?????à??
  ????    a.?????ù?????¨caseous necrosis???????????????????í??????×??????????à?????á??????????????????×é???á???ê??±????????????????????¨????????×????ì??????
  ??      b.?????¨gangrene??
  ????      ??????????·?????°??ú???????ó?é×é????????
  ????      ?ú????????????°??ú?????ó×????????ú?????á???ú????°??ú??·???????×é???????????ú?ú?ò???????????ì?°°×?????ú??×??á?????????ò???ú????×é??±????????ò°???????
  ????      ·??à
  ????      ?????????¨dry gangrene?????????ò????????????
  ??        ?????????¨wet????
  ??        ?????????¨gas????
     ?????????????¨liquefactive ????
  ???? A. ???? ????????×é??????????????????×??????÷????????
  ???? B. ????????·??ú?????????à?¨???????????°°×???à?¨??????????×é??????·??ú?????§?ú?????±???ó????????????°?????????·?????????????×é?????????§?×??
         *??·?????
         *???í?¨calcium saponification??
  ?? ?????????ù?????¨fibrinoid necrosis??
  ???? ???????ù±????¨fibrinoid degeneration??
  (4)???????á??
  ?? ?????????ü??????????????
  ?? ??·?????????
  ??   ?????¨erosion????????(ulcer)???????¨sinus?????ü???¨fistula????????(cavity??
  ?? ???ú???¨organization??
  ?? ??????°ü?ü??????
  (5)???????°?ì?°?ó?????????ò??????
  ?? ??????×é???ò?÷????????
  ?? ????????°???????
     ?????§??°??ò×é?????ú???ú??????
  2.?ò???¨apoptosis??
  (1??????????°????ò????????
  (2???ò????°???????????·??ú????????°???°????????????????°???ü??°??÷????????????????????°??¤±????ê????????°????????ò?????????????????×?±????°??????????á???????à???ò?????????±·??×??·??????ò??????±???????
  ?? *?ò???????¨apoptosis body??
     *???á???????¨acidophilic body??
  ???°????????
  ??????????????
  ±???????°????×????·?±???????·???????·???????°????????§?ù±???????????????°?????????????????·????ó???????????????????ù??????????????????????????????????????·??????????í?????????ù±????????????????????????ü?????????????ò?????????ò?????ò??????
  ????????????
  1.?±????????·?????????°???????
  2.???§???????????????¨???????????ì????°??????????????????????????ò????????
  3.??????°?????±??ì???÷?????ò??????????°?????±??ì?????????ó????
  4.??????°????×???÷?????ò??·??ú?ú??????·??÷??????±???????
  5.????????·?±????????ò??·????ú???????í±????°?ó????
  6.???????÷?????á??×é???????÷±????×???????é????·??ú?????????§±í????????
  7.???ú?????????????????????????????§????????????????????
  8.?ò?????????????°???ù±????í±?????
  9.±??????????????????????????????§????±?±???????????
  10.???????ú?????°?ì???????ò???????????????÷??
  11.???????÷?????????§????????±???

• ping (2007-3-01 17:11:32)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.???????????ú???????????ù±???????
  2.?????÷??×é???????ú???????°?????ú??????????
  3.?ì?¤·??ó?????ú????????·??à??????·??ó?????ú????±?????????
  4.????????×é?????????????????????°??????
  5.???????ú?????????????????ú?à??
  6.??????????????
  7.?ì?¤°???×é??????????????×÷??????????????°????????????????ú??
  ????????????
  1.?????????????????§?????°·??à
  2.???ú???????°·??à
  3.?÷????°??????ú????
  4.??°????ú??·?????·?×??ú???¨????????
  5.????×é?????????????????????á??
  6.?????????ú???????à?????????ú???°?÷??×é?????ú????????
  
  ????????????
  ??°????ú??·?????·?×??ú??
  
  ???????§·?·¨
  1.??????????????????????
  2.??·??????á????
  
  ????????
  ?????à????????
  
  ????
  
  ???? ?????¨repair??
       ???????????¨repair???????????????????ú??????????
  (??)???ú?¨regeneration??
  1. ???????ú????????????°???×é?????????ü????°?·??????ú??????
  ?? ??????   ?ú?í??   ??????
  2. ·??à
  ????   ??????   ?ê????   ???ê????
  3. ?÷????°??????ú????
  (1???????¨??°??¨???ú??????????
  ??  ?????????¤  ????°????ì????°?
  (2?????¨??°??¨???ú????????????
  ?????????? ???á??×é?? ?????§???????? ????÷??? ????????
  (3??????????°??¨?????ú????????
  ????????????°? ????÷???  ??????
  (4???÷??×é?????ú??????
  (5????°????ú??·?????·?×??ú??
  (??)??????????
  1. ????×é?? ?¨granulation tissue??
  ?? ???????????????????¤??°???????????°?·????????ù?????????????????????×?????á??×é????
     ???????? ??±í?????ó???????ì????????×?????????????
  ??*??????????°? ?¨myofibroblast??
  2. ????×é????×÷???°?á??
  3. ????×é?? ?¨scar tissue??
     ??????????????????×é??
  ?? ??±?????°×????????????
  ?? ???ú???°?ì *???????????????????í??
  ?? ?á??
  (??)?????ú???¨wound healing??
  ??????????????
  1. ?¤·??????ú??
  (1???????ú?????ù±?????
  ????????????±???
  ????????????
  ??  ????×é?????ú??????????
  ????±í?¤?????ü×é?????ú
  (2???????ú?????à??
  ?????????ú??
  ??  ?????ú??
  (3???°?ì?????ú?????ò??
  ??  ???í?ò?????ê????????????·?????????
  ?????????ò???????????ì???????????????????§????????·???
  2. ?????ú???¨bone fracture healing???ù±?????
  (1?????×??????
  (2???????????è????
  (3?????????è????
  (4?????è???¨?ò????
     *???????????¨?????????????ú????
  
  ?????ú??
  ?¨?????ú?????ú??
  ?¨??????????????
  ?¨?????á?????ú??
  
  ???? ?????¨ adaptation??
  (??)·??ó?¨hypertrophy??
  1.????????°???×é???ò?÷???????????ó??°é??????????
  2.·??à???ú?í??·??ó?????í??·??ó
  (??)???ú?¨metaplasia??
  1.????????·??????ì??×é?????·????????±????é??????????????????????×?±????í????×é??????????
  2.·??à???±?????ú?????????ú
  
  ???°??????
  
  ??????????????
  ????????????·??ó?????ú?????ú???????¤???ú???????????×?????ú???ê?????ú??????×é??????????????°??????????????????ú?????????ú?????????????è?????????è ?ú??
  ????????????
  1.???????????§???????÷??±í??????·??à?????????????÷??
  2.·??ó?????ú?????ú???ú????????????
  3. ?ò??????×é??????±??????????????á????
  4. ?ò???????ú?????ù±????????à???°???°?ì?ò????
  5.?ò???????ú???????°???°?ì?ò????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:12:12)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.????·???????????????
  2.?????????÷?¨???§??
  3.?ì?¤?ú?í???????????????í??????????????±?
  4.???????????????????????????????????? ?
  5.?ì?¤??????????????????????????×÷???????
  6.????????·????????à?é???°???¨??
  7.????·??????????????????????????????????????????????ú????????±í???°?ú??
  8.???????????????°??·??à
  9.????·????±??????·????°°×?????°???ú???????????????ú????±???????
  10.?ì?¤·????±???????????????à?????????????ü?????????????????°???ò???????ú??±???
  
  ????????????
  7.?????°·????±?????÷?????ú????
  8.???ú?????????????????à???????°????·???????×÷????
  
  ????????????
  3.·????±?????÷?????ú????
  4.·????±???à?÷???é???°??×÷????
  
  ???????§·?·¨
  1.??????????????????????
  2.??·??????á????
  
  ????????
  ?????à????????
  
  ????
  
  (??)·?????????????????
  ????????????????????×÷???????ò?????÷?????à?÷?¨???????????????????÷???????????????÷??±í???????í?????í???????±??????????????????0.5???±??????·?????
  ?????????????÷????????????????????±??????????????????????????????÷?¨?????????????×?????ú???ú???ì?????à??
  
  (??)?????÷?¨???§??
  ?????ú?????????÷???à?????????????÷???÷????????????°??????????÷???÷?¨???è?¨???è??????????±???40???????????±??????????40?????????÷???á?????ú????????????????40???????????±??????????40?????????÷???á????????????????????40????????????40?????ó???????÷???ú????????????????????±?????????
  ???????±?ò?????????????????????÷°??????è?¨??37????40???¨???????????????????±?????·?????????????±?ò???¤??×é???????????????????????????????????¤???????????à??
  
  (??)?ú?í???????????????í??????????????±?
  ?????ú?í???????????????????????????????????¤???é????????????????????????0.5?????í??????????????±????????·???ò???ì???????±·??????ú????????°????×?????ú???ú???ì?????à???????????????????????÷?¨?????????????????÷????????????????????±???????????????
  
  (??)????????????????????????????????
  ??????????·??????ú?????????ò???ú??????????????????????
  ?ú????????°?±??¤???ó?ù????????·?????????????????????????(EP)??
  
  (??)??????????????????????????×÷??????
  ????????????????????????·?×??°°×????????×÷?????×±???????
  ×÷?????????ú????????°?
  
  (?ù)????·????????à?é???°???¨??
  ?±EP???????????ó????????????·??????é???????????÷?¨??????????·??????????é?????????à·????é????
  ??°·??????5-????°·???ù?è·?°·
  ?°????????PGE
  ?·?×?á????(cAMP)
  
  (??)·??????????????????????????????????????????????ú????????±í???°?ú??
  ??????????
  ???ú?????????ú???ü???????????ú??>????????????????
  ????±í???????????????¤·?????????????÷????ü????????·????ò?·???????????¤·?????"???¤?í??"??
  ??????????
  ???ú?????????ú????????????????????±????à????????
  ????±í????????????????·??????¤·????????????¤?????????¤·???·???·????¤·???????±?????????
  ??????????
  ???ú?????????????ü???ú??????????>?ú???????????????÷?¨??????
  ????±í?????¤·???????????????????????????????????????????????????????·?????????
  
  (°?)???????????°??·??à
  ??????·?????±??????????ì???ó????????????????·ù?????????????±?????????????????????ú?????????¨?±???????????ú??????????????????
  °??????????????????è·????è????
  ??·?????????
  °????????????¨????????????
  ???????? < 38??
  ??????????38~39??
  ??????????39~41??
  ????????????>41??
  
  (??)·????±??????·????°°×?????°???ú???????????????ú????±???????
  ???ú??????·????ú???ü???????ü±??????é?á?ü??
  ?°°×???ú?????°°×??·????ü????????????
  ??·??ú??????·?·????ü????·??ü±?????????????????????
  ???ú???ú?????ú?????????????ú?????????à????±??????ú??B??C?±·???
  ???????????ú????
  ?????????????ò???÷????????
  ?????????????¤·??????ü????·???·???
  ?????????????ò?????????ó????????
  
  (??)·????±?÷???????ú??±???????
  ????????????
  ±í???????????ì??????????1??C ??????????10??/min??
  ?ú????????-???????è???????ü??????????????·??á???±??×÷????
  ???à????????????·?????????·??ê???§???????????????????ù?????×????????????
  ???ü???????????ü???á???ú???ú???ü???????ü???à??·??????ü???????ì??
  ??????????
  ±í????????????????????±???????
  ?ú?????????????????ü?ú??????·???????????????
  
  ???°??????
  1??·?????????????????????????????
  2??·??????ú??
  3??·??????????ú????????
  4???????????????°???à·????é???÷°ü?¨??????
  5??·????±??????·????°°×?????°???ú???????????????ú????±???????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:14:48)

  ??°?
  
  ???????????ó
  1.?????×?????¨???????ò???ù±????í±?????
  2.?????×????????±í?????×???????????á????
  3.?????×???à???°?????í??????
  4.?????????×???×???×?????????×?????????????°??±???????
  5.?ì?¤?±???×????·????ú????
  6.?ì?¤?×???é?????à????×÷????
  ????????????
  1.???????ú???°????
  2.?±???×?????????§?à??
  3.?±???×?????????×?????í±???????
  ????????????
  1.???????ú??
  2.?×???é????×÷??
  ???????§·¨
  1.?????×?????????????§???°????·????±??????????·??????????ú?????±???×???????§??±???????????
  2.?????°?é??·¨?±?????????×???é??????????×÷????
  3.?????°???????????±???§???????????á?????????????????à???×??????±????????á???§?ú???§?°???¤??
  ????????
  ?à?????????????§??????????????±ê±?
  
  ????
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ?????×?????????¨conception of inflammation??
  (??)?¨??????????????????????×é?????????ò×??ù·??ú??·??ù·?????
  ???÷????×é??
  ???÷????????
  ??  ????×???????????°??????¨°??×°?????????????·???
  ??  ???????à??°??????¨?×???????ú??????·??ó????°??÷?????????ò×?
  ?? *???????????????????????????????????????????????÷????????????????????????
  ?????????ò×???????·?????
  ??????×????????ú????·??????????????????????????ú?ú????????????·????????±??±?????????????·??????ò????????·??????×?????????÷?????÷??·??ù???????·????????????·??????????????×??????????????
  (??)?×????????
  ?????×????×??????????í????
  ??  ?×????×???????±??¤??·???
  ?????×??·??????ú??????????????????
  ?????×????????±í???????í·?????
  (??)????±í??
  ??  ?ì???×????????????????°?
  (??)???í·???
  ????·???????????°×??°????????à
  ????????±í?????ì???×????????????????°???
  ?? *?ú?????ì(rubor) ????(calor)?????????????????÷????
  ??  ?×(tumor)??????????????
  ??  ??(dolor)?????????????????×???é???¨PGE2?????¤????
  ??  ??????°?(loss of function)?????ò???????×??????????????????????????
  ???????í±í????·??????á????????????????????WBC??±??¨???????à°×?????ù·???????
  ?? *?ú????IL-1??TNF???ú *???????????÷?????à?ú??????°?PGE?ú·??????ú *????IL-6?ú
  ????°??????????°°×???ü?úRBC?????ú?????ü???ú * WBC??·????????????ì??×???N?ü
  ?¨??×ó????/????CSF?ú?ú?ú???è?ì???°????°??????ü?úWBC?ü
  *?????????ú?????????????à????WBC?????????§?????ú????N?ü??????????????L?ü?????ú????±???·???????E?ü??*?????????????ú??WBC??????±???N??
  
  ?????×???????ò??·??à ?¨causes of inflammation??
  (??)?×???????ò
  ????·???????×é??????°????????ò???????????????×?????????×???????ò?????????×?ò×???
  1.???í???ò×??¨physical agents??
  ?????????????¨?ó?????????????????????????????ó????????·??ì??
  ????????????
  ??×????????¤·?·?????·??ì????
  2.???§???ò×??¨chemical injuries??
  ?????????? ???á??????
  ?????????? ???á???à???¨??·??÷???????×
  ???ú???ú??
  3.?ú?????ò×??¨biological pathagens??
  ???????ú??????????????°???±?????????
  ???????ú??????°???·±??????°??ú???°?????§??
  ???????¨???±??×÷????????×÷???ò?¨????????????·?????·????????×????
  4.????×é??
  ??  ????????????±?????????????????
  5.±???·????¨Immnological reaction???ò?ì??????·???
  ??????????????±???·?????
     ?????? ?ò???ó??±???·??????????ò???×
  ??        ×??í????·????????????á???×
  (??)?×?????????ù±???±?
  1.±??? ?¨alteration??
  ???×??????×é??±???????????°ü?¨????????????°???
  ????????°???????±????¨????°????±?????×????
  ????±??¨??????°????????×????
  ???????ù?????¨TB????
  ?????????????¨???§?×????
  ????·??????¨?±???????×??
  ???????????????ù±????????????ù±???
  2.?????¨exudation??
  ???×??????×é????????????????·??¨???????°°×????????°????¨??????±????????????¨×é??
  ??????????????±í?????¤±í????????????
  ???°???????×???????÷??±????±
  ?? ????°×??°??????????????×??????·???·??ù×÷????
  3.???ú(proliferation)
    ?×??????????????°?????????°????????à??
  ???????????×????????????????±?
  ???ù?ù????????????±????÷??
  ?????????????×????±??????÷??
  ?????§???×?????????????÷????
  ???±?????×???????ú???÷??
  ????°?????????±??????¨?±???×?????ù?ù??±????????????÷?????±?????×???±?????ú????????
  ??±??ó???¨?????×?????à?????ú???÷???????????×???????????×???×??
  ?????ú????????±????????????????????????????ú????????????
  (?????×?????????à??
  1.???±???×??
  2.?±???×??
  3.?????×??
  4.???±???×??
  ?????±???×??
  (??)?????¨exudation??
  ?????°???????×???????÷??±????±???????????????°???????????§??±????????¨?????ü??WBC???????°????????????
  1.?????????§??±??¨hemodynamic changes?????????÷×?????????????????±?
  (1)???????÷×??????á?÷????RBC??WBC??±??÷?????????¨×è????????·???????±???????
  (2)?????????§??±??????ò?¨???????°?ú??
  ????     ?????ú?í
  ????     ???×?ò×?
  ????       ??
  ????    1?????????·?? ????????????
  ????      ?¨3-5?¨????·????? ?????§?é???¨LTC4????D4??E4??
  ????       ??
  ????    2???????????????÷???? ???á??·????¨???±??
  ????      ?¨???????ú?????????? ?????§?é???¨Histamin?? 5-HT?? PG??(?÷?????¨·??ì??·????? ????)
  ????       ??
  ??    ??3?????÷?????????????÷???? ?×???é?????¨?????ü?ú??????????
  ??       ?????÷?¨?????????ü
  ????      *?????????§??±????????±?????????×?ò×??????à?????¤??????
  ??      ??*?????????§??±????????????????????????ì??
  2.?????¨???????? (increased permeability of the vessel)
  (1)???¤??°??????¨×??????????ò??
  ??      ?ú??
  ???????§?é??????
  ??      ?? Histamin
  ??      ?? 5-HT ???¤??°??????ú???¤??°?????
  ????       bradykinin
  ??       ?????ü?×???é???¨P??????
  ????      *??·?????·??? ?¨?ò?é????°???????15-30·????????÷??·??ú??????????????????????????????????
  ?????¤??°???????×é
  ??       ??IL-1\TNF\IFN-??
  ??      ??*·??ú???í?¨4-6???±?ó?????????±?????¤?¨24???±?ò?ü?¤??
  (2)??°?×÷??
  (3)???¤??°?????
  ??    ???ú????
  ?? ???±?????????¤??°?
  ??        ??????????
  ??        ?????¤??°???????????????
  ??        ?????§????
             *??·?????·????¨·??ú?ì???????±???¤???????°????????????????????????
  ??        ???á???????? ??×???????X?? ?ú ???¤??°?????
  ?????????? *??·?????·????¨2-12???±?ó???????°????????
  ?? ??WBC?é???????¤????
  ????        WBC??±????????úWBC?¤???ú??·????ú???ú?????°°×???????ú ???¤??°??????????ú?¨?????ü
  (4)???ú????????±??????¨????
  ???????????ú????????±???????°?????·????????ì?ú??????????
  3.????????
  ????   ???????¨?????¨exudate?????????????????????????°°×????°???×?????
  ????   ???????°°×??????>2.5g??±?????>1.020????°??????à>500??/mm3????×?
  ??   ???ú?????×?????????????¨??????????
  ????   ??????(transudate)???ò???????÷??×è?ù?????¨????????±?????
  ??   ???×?????×
  ????   ?×??????
  ????   ??????×÷??
  ??????????????????????×??????°?ú???ú???????á?????????????????????ó????°??????????????¨????????O2 ??°±?ù?á????????????????????????????·????????????????????????????????????°°×?¨??????????×????ú??×è?????ú??????????????????????°?·???????×÷???????????????????×???ó???????????§???????????????????????ú????????????°???±?????????????°??á???????¤?ú???ú?ú??°?????????????
  ???? ?????????????à???????÷?????°?ì??????
  ?????????????????±?????????ú???ü???????????í?·???×?ú????
  ???????????????????????à?ú?ú??????????
  ??????????????°ü???ú???????ú???×??
  4.°×??°??????°??×÷??(exudation of WBCs and phagocytosis)
  ????   °×??°?????
  ?????? ?×????°????ó×???????×é???????§???÷
  ????   ?×??·?????????????????WBC????????????????WBC???????×????×????????÷??
  ??   ??°×??°??????ù±??????? °×??°???????°×??°???????????×÷??
  (1)°×??°?????
  ?? ??°×??°?±???????±?
  ?? ??°×??°???×?
  ???? ???¤??°???WBC±í??????·?×??à????±????à??×÷??
       ??×??ú????????WBC??×???????·?×????????°°×?à?¨selectins?????????ò?°°×?à?¨immunoglobulins?????????°°×?à?¨integrins?????????ù???°°×?à?¨mucin-like   glycoproteins????
  ????  1??????·?×??ò??°?±í????·???
  ??            ??P-?????°°× ?×????????×é°·??????????PAF?????¤??°???±í??×?±?????°?±í????????????WBC????
  ??    2??????·?×???????±í??????
  ????E-?????°°× ??°??ò×??¨IL-1??TNF?????????¤??°?±í??±í?????¨??N??M??L±í???????é??????×???°??ò×??¨IL-1??TNF??×÷???????¤??°?????°???????·?×?1?¨ICAM-1????????????·?×?1?¨VCAM-1??±í??????????°×??°????????°°××÷????
  ????  3??????????·?×????×????
  ????* ?????°°×LFA-1????°???????·?×?1?¨ICAM-1?????à??×÷??????WBC?????¤??°??à????×???????·??ú?ú????
  ??????°×??°?????
  WBC?¨??????±????????§×é??????????????(emigration)??
  ???? ?????¨????????WBC?¨N??E??B??M??L???????????¤??°????????¤??°??????????ì???±×???°??×°?????·????????¤??°??????·???ú???¤???ù?¤?????ú?????ù?×?¤?¨·???????????????BM???ú???¤??°??????á???????????¨2-12????
  ???? ??????N??M??L??E??B ?¨?÷????????
  (2)°×??°?????????????????
     °×??°????×?????????????×??·?????×??????????÷
  ?? ?÷??×÷??(chemotaxis)??
     ?÷???ò×?(chemotactic factor)
  ?? ??????WBC?ò×????§???¤???ù??????×÷?¨?ò??????5-20??m/min??
  ?? ???§???¤???????÷???ò×??????ú?ú???¨????????????????·? C5a ??°×??°?????B4????
  °??ò×???FN??LM?¨??????????
  ?? ?????????÷???ò×?×÷???????ì????
  ???????? ??????WBC???÷???ò×???·???????????N??M??·?????????L??·?????????
  ?? ?÷???ò×?×÷???ú??
  ?? ?÷???ò×???WBC±í?????????ì???á???ú°???????×??????????ú??·????ú??°????????÷??
  °??????????ú°?????????·??¨?????°°×actin?????ò?°°×myosin??×é×°?ú?ì???±×???????
  (3)°×??°???×÷??????????×÷????????×÷????×é??????
  ?? ??????×÷??(phagocytosis)
  ???? ??????°????à ?÷????N.????????°??¨?ó?à??×???????????°?????E??????????????
  ?????¨?é????????°???????????????????
  ???? ??????????????±?????×?????????????
     A.??±?????×??¨??????
  ?????÷?í???¨opsonin???????à????????????°????????????????°°×?????÷????Ig-Fc????C3b??
  ?? B.???????±×??ú°ü?§?ú?????ú??????(phagosome)?ú??????????(phagolysosome)?ú?±????????
  ????*Fc??????×????÷?í??????????????????????
  ???? C3?????????????????????±C3????±?FN??LM?¤???ó????????????
  ?? C.?±?????????¨?????????????????ú????
  ???? ???????ú??
  ????a) ?????????ú?÷??±??????????????ú???ú???±?????¨?????áHOCl???????????????±?ú?ò×???
  ????b) H2O2-MPO-?±????????????????°?×????§???±?ú???????????ú?????ú???§?????????????????ù???±???§????
  ????  ?????????ú??
  ????c) BIP?°°×?????ú???????±????????×÷????
  ????????×÷??????L??M??P?? ?¨?é????°???°???????°???????????????
  ????×é??????????N?????ú??????????×????ù??PG??°×??°????????????¤??×é??????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:15:49)

  (??)?×???é??(inflammatory mediator)
  ?????????ò?????×??·????¨?????????????¨??????????WBC?????????????????§???????????×???é???ò???§?é????
  1.?×???é??????°?????
  (1)????????°???????
  (2)?¨???????é??·???×÷??
  (3)????°???°??ú?ú???????×???é??
  (4)?????é????×÷?????????ò?à??°???°?
  (5)?????±??????????????
  (6)???±??????????????
  2.?÷???×???é???°×÷??
  ??(1)??°???·????×???é????
       1?? ????????°·?? Histamin\5-HT
  ????histamin ????????·??ó??°?????????°???pt??????
  ???????????? ???????????í???¨??????????????????????·?????C3a\C5a??×é°·??·??°°×??P??????IL-1\IL-8??
  ???????????? ??×÷???????????????????????¨????????
  ????5-HT     ????????????°???????????°???
  ??????????   ????·????¤?ò????????°????????????????????????à??
  ??????????   ??×÷???à??×é°·
  ???? 2?? ?¨?ú?????á?ú???ú????PG??LT????????
  ????     ???ú??????
  ??       ???×?????¨N ???????? ?·????????????PG?¨PGD2?? ?? PGE2??PGF2????
  ????       ?¤?×???????????????¨?ú?????á ????????????????LT?¨LTB4??LTC4??LTD4??LTE4??
  ????     ?? ×÷???? ?????????????????×?¨PG??
  ????        ·??????????¨PG??
  ????        ????????°??÷??×÷???¨LTB4??
  ????        ???????????§?????·???°?????¨?????????¨LTC4??D4??E4??
  ???? 3?? WBC?ú???°????????·???
  ??   ?? ???????ú???ú???¨????????×???????????????×????ù??
  ????    ?? ?÷????????N??M
  ????    ?? ×÷??????NO?á?????????????????ú??
  ????       ?????úIL8?ü?????¤??°???WBC????·?×?±í???ü
  ????       ?ó???ú×é??????°??????¨???¤??°?????????°???RBC??
  ???? ?? ????????·??¨?????°°×?????????°°×????????????×é???°°×????
  ????    ×÷?????????????¨?????????§?÷????
  ????    ??????°?????·??¨???????ù?¤???????°°×???????°°×??
  ????    ×é???????¨?????§???×??????
  ???? 4?? ??°??ò×??¨cytokine?????÷??????°??ò×??¨chemokin??
  ???? ?? ??°??ò×?
  ????    ?? ?÷?????????¤????L??M????????×????¤??°??????¤??°????á??×é??
  ????    ?? ·??à?¨?ù????????×÷??????
  ??????     ?÷????°???°???CK???÷????°???°??¤?????ú?¤??·?????IL-2??IL-4?¨??LC?ú?¤????IL-10??TGF-???¨????·??????÷????
  ??????     ?÷??×?????????CK??TNF-????IL-1????IL-6??INF-????INF-????
  ????     ???¤????????°???CK??INF-????TNF-????TNF-????IL-5\10\12??
  ????     ?????×????°????÷??×÷????CK??
  ????     ?????¤?ì???????÷??WBC?ú?¤??·?????IL-3??IL-7??CSF??????°??ò×???
  ??   ?? ?÷??????°??ò×?
  ????    IL-8??MCP????°???°??÷???°°×??
  ???? 5?? pt?¤???ò×??¨PAF??
  ????     ?? ??????·??ó??°?????????C??N??M?????¤??°???????°???
  ????     ?? ×÷?????????×?????à·???????
  ????        ?°?ì???÷?????§??±?
  ????        ?????????¨????
  ??       ?? ????WBC?????¤??°?????
  ?????????????°?ì?÷??×÷??
  ????        ??WBC??????
  ????        ???¤WBC????????°?????PG??LT
  ???? 6?? ????????
  ??????   ?? ?÷???????????¤??°?????????°??????????¨????????°?
  ????   ???? ?ú?????÷????eNOS\rNOS\iNOS?? ??°??????????¤??eNOS\rNOS????????°???iNOS??CK?¨??TNF-????INF-???????????¤????
  ???????? ×÷????
  ?????????? ×÷????????????????????
  ?????????? ????????°???×???????
  ?????????? ????·??ó??°????????×??·???
  ?????????? ?÷??WBC?ò?×????????
  ????7?? ???????¨P??????
  ???????? ????????·???????????????????
  ???????? ×÷??
  ?????????? ???????????????÷???????????¤??????°?????·?????°???·???×÷??
  ?????????? ?????????¨?????¨P??????
  ????(2)?????????×???é????
  ?????? 1?? ?¤??S?????¤??(bradykinin)
  ???????????¤?????ü?ò×??????????ù?×?¤???????¤????????
  ??????????×÷??
  ?????????? ?????????¨????
  ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????¨?¤??×?????
  ?????? 2?? ????S??C3a C5a?¨????????---anaphylatoxins????20????·??¨·??¤??×???????????
  ?????????? ?????¤???ò????
  ?????????? ???????ú??????????????/G-?ú?????ú????/???ú?????¤??C3??C5??
  ???? ??????????×é???????¤??C3??C5
  ?????????? ?????°°×???????????????????¤??`C3??C5?ú?÷??N?ú??·??????????¨??·????·??
  ?????????? ?¤?????????°°×???ú?????¤????????
  ?????????? ×÷??(C3a??C5a)
  ?????????? ?????????¨????·??ó??°???·?×é°·?ù????
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  3.?±???×?????????§?à??
  (1)???????×?? ?¨ serous inflammation??
  ?????????????????÷???×????????????????????????·????÷?????°°×???¨°×?°°×?????????ì??????°×??°???????????
  ???????????? ?è???á??×é?? ???????§?????×?????×
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  (2)?????????×???¨fibrinous inflammation??
  ???????×??????
  ????????????(fibrin)???????°°×?????????°°×???????°°×?à???¨????????
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  ???????????????ó?????¤???????ú??????
  ???????¤???×???????¤?¨pseudomembranous inflammation/pseudomembrane??
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  ???????? ???????¨Cor Villosum??
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  (3)???§???×???¨purulent inflammation??
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  ?????????à??????·????????????§?×
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  ???????????í??????????????????
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  ?????¤??±??????????ò×??·??????
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  (??)???ú?¨healing??
  1.?ê?????ú?¨complete healing?????×???????ê??????????×é???á???????????????????????¨??????
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  ???????±?????×???????¨???????×/?????????????×
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  ??×é?????????????????????ó?¨???ú????
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  2.??°????????¨lymphatic spread????????°????×????°??á?×?¨?????ò????°?????????
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  3.?????????¨hematogenous spread or dissemination?????????ú?ò????????
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• ping (2007-3-01 17:16:30)

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• ping (2007-3-01 17:17:08)

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  2.??·????????§??????????
  3.?ò????????
  4.????????????
  
  ?????????×?¨myocarditis????
  ??????????·????????×???????à°é·??????????í?????????????????????????ú??????±???·??????????±??·??ú?????×??
  ?à????A.???????????×?¨parenchymatous myocarditis??
  ?????à?????????????????ú±í???????????????????í???????×??????????
  ???????í???????¨1?????à?????????????ó±?????????±??í?????ó???????à±í??????????·????à·??????????ò??°×??°??é×??ò????×????????¨2??????????????±????ò??·???????·??ú???ù??????????????????????????????×???????????????????????????°?????°???°????ó?????????¤????????????°????ú??
  ???????ì??A??B??C??
  ????B.???????????×?¨interstitial myocarditis?????????ú???????¨??????????±???·?????????????
  ???????í???????¨1???????????????????×?à?????¨2????±??÷???????????????????????????????????????????ó????????°?????°???°???????°????ó????±??à???????????????????à·??ú??????±????????????????±????????????·??ú??????±? ???????????????§???????á??×é?????ú??±???·??????????×??????????±????????????????????á??????°????ó????????±?·??ú???????ù????????
  ????C.???§???????×?¨????
  ?????????¤?×?¨endocarditis?????????à???¤?×????°???????·???°ê?¤??????±??????ì?÷?????é?·?????????¤?×??
  1.?à???????¤?×?¨verrucose endocarditis????
  ???????í??????????°ê?¤?á?????????????à×?×??ú?????÷???×???????????????????¤?×???÷????±???????×é??±??????????????¨?????????¨???ú?????ú±í???????í?¤?????à???????¤?×???à·??ú??????°ê??·??????÷???????????????÷??
  ???????ì??A??B??C??
  2.???????????¤?×?¨ulcerative endocarditis????
  ?????à·??ú???????????????§?ú???????????????????????????ò?ú???????????ò?ú?????§??°?×????ú???ú????·??ú°???????????°??????????¤?×????
  ???????í???????¨1??°ê?¤?????????????×?????°°ê?¤??????·??ú?÷???????????¨2??????°ê?¤???÷???????ì×?????????????°??????????ó????±í????????????????????·??ú???????????????????????à?????¨?????????¨??????×é???ì?????????¨×?×??ú???????????§???×??·?????
  ???????ì??A??B??C??
  
  ??????°ü?×?¨pericarditis??
  ????????°ü±??????à???¨???????¤?????×?????à°é?????????????????à??????·??ú?¨??????????
  ?????à????
  1. ??????????????????°ü?×???à???÷?????????ú?????í???????????ò?ú??°??????ú???????????ú??????
  ???????í???????¨1?????ó???????????????????????÷???¨2????°ü±í??????????????????°ü?????????à??????????????????????????°×??°????????¤????????????????±í??±?????????°×?????×??°??????????????ú?±????????????????????????×???×????????±???????????ú????????°ü???????¤??????
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  2. ????????°ü?×???÷??·??ú???????à?ò???????????×?±?ì?????????????á??????°ü????????
  ???????í????????°ü????????°ü???÷?????à???????????????????????§??????????????·???°?·????ò???????????????????????????????????¤±?????×????????????????§????????????°ü?????????????±?????????ì????
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  
  ?ù??????
  (??)????
  ?????????????????ò×?×÷????·??ú????×é?????§?????à?÷???±???????????÷????????????°????????????÷????????°????á?????????±?????í?????í??????
  (??)???ò??·??à??
  °????ò·??à??°????÷?????§????·??à??
  (??)·?????·????ú?? ??
  ??????????·????ú??????????????????????·????ú?????ê???à???????÷????????·????????ó??????????????
  1.?????????¨???????·???????????·?±???????????ú????????
  2.???????????¨?????·???????????????????????? ?????????°?¨??????????????????????????????????????·???·????????·???????á???????????????¨?????????????????????????¨????????°?±??????ó???ì??°?±?????????????????????????°×??°???×?????????????°????????????????????????ó??
  3.?????í???¨ DIC ?????????·????????????????????
  ?????????????·??°??§????????????·????ú???±?????????????·??°???????????°??????·??°???
  ????
  (??)??°???±?????
  1.?ú????°?????????????°????á??????
  2.??°??????????¤?¨????????????????????????????????????°?×???????°??ò????
  ???????à????±ê????????????°???·??????ò??
  
  (??)?????÷????±??? ???à?÷????????????
  ????????????·??????????????????????°?????÷??±??????ú?????°????????·??????°?ì?? ?à?????÷????????°??????? ??
  ?÷????????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????·????????í?ú?í?ù????
  
  ???°??????????
  1. ???????ò??????????????????·??????????????ò????????
  2. ???????????±???à?¨??????·????????ú????
  3. ?????????ú????°???????????????????
  4. ?ò???????????±??????·?????????????°???·??ú?ú????
  5. ·??ó??????????×????á·???????????????
  6. ???????ó?????????±·??ú???ü?§????
  7. ?????????????????????????????÷?????ú??????????
  8. ???????????ó?????¤?¤??°×???¤·??????????????????ò?????????ú????
  9. ?????????????·±????????÷???ú??????????
  10. ???????????·±????????÷???ú??????????
  11. ?????±????????°????ú??????????
  12. ??????DIC????????????
  13. ?????à?÷?????????????ü??????????????????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:18:07)

  ??°?
  
  ???????????ó
  1. ???????×????°??á?×??·??à??·??ú?????ò
  2. ?????÷?????×????°??á?×?????í±????°???ù·??ú??????
  3. ???????????×·??ú?????ò?????í±?????????
  ????????????
  ??????°??á?×?????×?????????×??·??ú?ú?í
  ????????????
  ???????×?????????×??·??ú?ú?í
  ???????§·?·¨
  1.?à???????§
  2.?à??????
  
  ????????
  1.?à????????
  2.???§????????
  
  ????
  
  ???????×?¨splenitis??
  ?????à°é·????÷???????????????????????????????à×??????????????í??????
  ?????à????
  1.?±???×?????×?¨acate inflarmmatory splenitis??
  ????????°é?????à?÷???×?ó???±?????×???à???????????±???í?¤?????±???±???????±???í???????±??°????????????????????????í????????????????????????????
  ???????í???????¨1?????à?×?ó?¨2-10±???±??¤????±????????????????????÷?????ù???????÷???×?ó?±???????×??°??ì???ò???ì????°×?è?°???????ó?????????è???í???????¨2?????è???????ó????????????????°??¨??°???°?????×???°???????????????±??????÷???????????????????è???????????ú?°????????????????????????????°???????±?????????????°?×é???????????????ó??????????×??????ò??±??¤?????????????????????????????????????×???????????????è????
  ???????ì??A.?±???í?¤??B.?±???í????C.?±???±????
  ?????á????
  2.?±???????????×?¨acute necrotic splenitis????
  ???????????????????÷???????????×?ó???±?????×???à????°??????ú?????í???????????????±??????????
  ???????í???????¨1??????????????????±??????ó??????°×?è???ì?è????????????????????????????×??????¨?í???????¨2??????????????????°???°?????×????????????????à?????????é???????×????±???????????????????????????????????°???
  ???????ì??A.?í???????×B.???????????×C.???÷???????×
  ?????á????
  3.???????×?¨chronic splenitis??
  ???????????à?×?ó?????????ú?????×???à???????±???ò?????í?????????????????¤·??×?????????ú?????°?á???????????????¤??????????
  ???????í???????¨1?????à?á???×?ó?¨1??2±???±??¤??????±????????????????????????????????ò??????????????±??????????ì?????????ì??±??°????????°×???ó??????????????×??ò?????????¨2?????ì??????°???°?????????°????÷????·??????????ù?ù?????à???????????????§??×é?????á??×é?????ú????±??¤??????????±????????±?????????à????????????°?±?????????
  ???????ì??A.???á???????×
             B.?????????×
             C.?????í?????????×
  ?????á????
  ??????
  ??????°??á?×?¨lymphadenitis??
  ?????à????
  1.?±????°??á?×?¨acute lymphadenitis??
  (1??????????°??á?×(simple lymphadenitis)
  ?????à?????±???????????????ò?????÷??·??ú?±???×???±??
  ???????í??????????°??á?×?ó??±??¤???????????á?í????·??ì???ò?ì???????????????à???±?ì??????°??á??????????????????????°???????????×???°??×?ó?????ú?????????????????????????????à??????????°???????????????°??????????????ì??°?????°????á????±??????÷?????×??·????±??????°???°?±??????????????ú??
  ???????ì??A??B
  ?????á??
  (2??????????°??á?×?¨hemorrhagio lymphadenitis??
  ????????°é????????????????????°??á?×???à???????????í???????ú????????±????????????±??????????
  ???????í??????????°??á?×?ó??°??ì????±??¤?????????????????????????ó???????????à??????????????????°??ì???????????????????×?ò??°??ì??????°×???à?????ó?í?ù?¨?????????ì????????±???×?????????????????????°??á??????±?????°??á?÷????????????????×é?????????ì??°??ò?ì??°???×?????????°????????????????ó???ì??°??????ü????°?×é???à±??·???????±????????????????°?×é???????????ú?????????????±??°??á??????????????°??á?×????????±???????????±?????
  ???????ì??A.?í??????°??á
  ??????????B.PRRS??????°??á
  ?????á??
  (3??????????°??á?×?¨necrotic lymphadenitis??
  ????????°é???÷??????????????°??á?×???????????????ú???????????????????í???????????à??????????°??á?×?ò????????°??á?×???ù????·???????????
  ???????í???????¨1????°??á?×?ó?????ì?ò°??ì???????????ó??????????·????ó?????????????ò×??ì???????????????????§×é???????????????¨2?????ì??°?×é???????????????á??????????°?±????????????ó???????????????????????????????????????ó???ì??°????????????§??????????????????????????????????°?????????°????ó?????????????????????±??????????°?????????????????°????????????????à????????°??????????ì??°??°×é???????ú??????°??á??·??ú??°??á???§?×????°??á±??¤?????§?á??×é???????ù???ó??
  ???????ì??A.?í????????????°??á
  ??????????B.????????????????°??á
  ?????á??
  (4?????§????°??á?×?¨suppurative lymphadenitis??
  ????????°é??×é???§??????????°??á?×???à??·????ù??×é?????÷???????§???×???ú±í???????í???????????§??ò?????°??á?×??
  ???????í???????¨1????°??á?×?ó??±í?????????????§?×???§?×?ó???????????????????§×é???????????????§?????±??????°?????????±??á??×é??°ü?ü???§?×???¨2?????ì???§??????????°???????×?×é??????±??????????ó??????????°??????§?????§???????????????à???§???????????§?????§×é??????????????
  ???????ì??A.
  ??????????B.
  ??????????C.
  ?????á??
  2.??????°??á?×?¨chronic lymphadenitis??
  ?????????ò?????ò??·????ò????×÷??????????????°????????ú???÷??±í??????°??á?×?????????ú????°??á?×?????????????????????????¨?????á?????????ò×é???÷??·??ú?????×???±?????????±????°??á?××?????????
  ???????í??????(1)??°??á?×?ó????°×????????±??????¤?è???á????·???????????°×???????????±????????????????×???(2)???ì????°???°????????ú???ì????°????á???ó?????à??·??ú?????÷?????è?÷???í????°????ò??°???°????ú??±??·???ò????????????°????????ú??????°?????·??????ò?????ì????°??á??°??????÷?????à??????????°??á?????????°???????÷????
  ???????ì??A.
  ??????????B.
  ??????????C.
       ?á??
  ??????????
  ???????????×??
  ???????÷?????????×?à±í?????±???×??????±??????????????ò???????×??????±????????ó???à±í??????????
  ???????ò???à?????????????????????????????????????×?????????????í????????????°?°×??????°ü???????×????×????¤???ú???°????????????
  ??????????????????????????a.????
  ???????ì??A.?????????????×b.????
  ??????????????????????????c.?ó??
  ??????????B.?????????¤
  ??????????C.????×?????
  ??????????D.?í????????????°?°×????
       ?á??
  
  ???°????????
  ????????????
  ???×    ?±?????×    ?????????×   ???????×   ????????°??á?×   ????????°??á?×   ????????°??á?×   ???§????°??á?×   ???????ú????°??á?×
  ?????ò????
  1.?±???×?????×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  2.?????????×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  3.???????×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  4.?±??????????°??á?×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  5.?±??????????°??á?×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  6.?±??????????°??á?×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  7.???§????°??á?×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  8.??????°??á?×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????
  9.???????×?à·??ú?????????????????í±???????????????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:18:42)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.?????÷?à·??×·??ú?????ò???ú?í
  2.?ó????????·??×????±??????°????????????±???
  3.??????????·??×????±???????
  4.????·????×??·??????????ü?????????????ò?°·????ú?í
  
  ????????????
  ?????????§??????·??×??????????·??×????????·??×?????í±???????
  
  ????????????
  ?????ü????????·??ú?????ò???ú?í?????ú?????°?ì
  
  ???????§·¨??
      ?????×??×??????ù???????°??±???·?·¨?????±?????á????·?·¨?????ó????????·??×????±???±??????ì??????
  ????
  ????????
      ?à???????§????
     
  ????
  
  ????????
  (??)???ü????×é???°????
  1. ×é????±????????í?????????§??????·??????¨???????????÷????
  2.??????
  (1)???????à?¨?¨?·???????????????????ú?????????????ú·???
  (2)???÷???à?¨???????????????????????í?÷?à?÷???????????÷?????????ò×??ú·???
  (3)×??í·??ù????????????×??í?¨????-?????????????????????????ú??????????????·???????°???·????????????¤??--?????¨???÷??×÷?????ú·???????
  (??)·?×é???§
     *·???????·????§???????÷??·??§?°?????????ó??·?????
  ?? *·????????á??×é???°????????°?????????????
  ?? *·????????????§?????ú???????§??????????????????????
  ?? *·????ü???????ü???§?????ú·???????????????????????
  ?????????ú×ó???÷?§?????ú???§?????ú ???§???? ?ú???§?????ú ???§?????ú ???????§?????ú ???ü???§?????ú ·??????ú ·??????ú ·???
  ?? *·?????????·??§????±???????±???±?????±??á??????±?????
  (1)???¤?????????????ù×????¤?ú ?????????ù×?±?×???°??????????ú???§
  (2)?????°?í?????????ú???§?¨???§?????????????§??????
  (3)???????????à?ú?ê?????·???????¨???§?????????????§??????
  ????*?????????????????¨????????<2mm?????§?????????§????????????????
  ????*·?????(·????á??????)?????????§?????????ü???÷??·??§??·??§??????·???×é??·???????
  ????*·?????(?ù±?????????)?????ü???§?????°???????ù????·?×é????
  ????*·??????§?????÷????????·??? ·????÷???á????
  ????(1) ·??????¤?¨??????95%????°?±????? ????·?????±í?????ò??????????·????? ·???·?±í???????????? ????????·???±í???????? ·?????????·??????????????????¨??????????
  ????(2)·????????????¤(????????)??·???±í??????????????·??????¤???ù?¤??±????á??×é???????????????¤???ù?¤???????????????ù??×???????0.5???×??
  ?? *(3)·????????à??·?????????±????á??×é??(·?????) ??????????·á????
  ?? *(4)·??????×?? ?à??·????????????×?????????? ???????ò?????ò????×??? ?±??10??15???×?? ?????¨?ò?ù?????ü·??????????????????×?????±???????????§?????ò???ü???§????×è???±?? ???à?§?¨??×÷???? ·???·???????????·??????±?? ???ú???¨??·????×?????? ???×????????
  ????* Lambert????(?×)?? ???????§?????????ü·????????????????¤??°????????????¨?????? ?±????20-30???×?? ?????§????-·??????¨?§?ò??Lambert?×?? ?????à?§?¨????????×÷????·??????×????°??ú???ü·??????à?§?¨???? ??Lambert?×?ò?á?????à??·????¨????????????????????????????????????????
  ????·??×?¨pneumonia??
  ?????×????????·????±?????????×????
  ????·??à??a.???ò?? b.·??ú?????? c.??±?·??§???????????????????ó??????d.??±???????
  (??)?ó????·??×(lobar pneumonia)
  1.???????÷????·??×?ò?ú?????????°·??ó?????ó???ò????????·????????????????????????÷???±???×????
  2.???ò?°·????ú??
  ??????°??????ò?????????????????ú??????·??×
  ??·??×?ò?ú(>95%)?ú?????????ü??
  ??????·?????·±???ú???ü·?×é???????ú?????ó???ú?í?ó??
  * ·?×é????????·??????????ú·??ú???×??·???????°?????±???·????ò????×?????×÷??????????????????·??×?ò?ú???¤?????????????ü???????ú???????ú????????×?????
  3.??±??°???????í????
  (1)???????×??(1-2?ì)
  ??????????????·???±??????????×??·????????ó??????????????
  ??????????????·????×?????????ü °??ì?????????·??????????????????
  ?????????????????í??????×??????????????ì????????????????±??ù?????°?????ì??·??×?ò?ú
  (2)?ì?????ù±???(3-4?ì)
  ????????????·???±???????????????????????·????????ó?????????°?ó???ì??°?
  ??????????????±?·????×?????????ü????°??ì?????????????????????? ????×?
  ?????????????ú?????????????????ü?§???°×??¤??·???±????÷???ó?????????°?????ì???à??·??×?ò?ú
  (3)???????ù±???(5-6?ì)
  ???????? ??????·???±???????????????????×?????·????????ó?????????°?ó??????????°?
  ??????????????????????????°×??????????????????×?
        ?????????±????×????á??·??×?ò?ú???×?ì??(?????°???????????ú?ú?ú????)?????à????
  (4)??????????(7-9?ì)
  ??????????????????????°?±???±?????·?????????°????à????????±???????·???????????????
  ??????????????????±??í??????????×??????????§?????????§?ù?ì×???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????·???±????÷???§????±??????°??????????????????????????
  
  ??  *???÷?????ó????·??×?±??·?×é??????????????·???±??á?????????????ú???ó???ê???????????á?????????????ó??????????°???????×é?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ó????±????????????±?????????????ó????·??×?à??????????
  4.??·???
  (1)·?????±?(pulmonary carnification)??·??????????????à??????????°????????????°°×????×?????·?????????????????????±??ê??·????ü???????±???ò??????×é???????ú??????±?·?×é??±??????????ù????×é????
  (2)???§?????¤?×?°?§??
  (3)·??§?×??·??????????????????????????ú???????ó??·??×?ò?ú?ò°é???????ì????????
  (4)°??????ò?§??°?????
  (5)????????????×?????????·????????à????????????????
  (??)??????·??×(lobular pneumonia)
  1.????????·??????????????±?????????×???????????ó?à???????§???×??????????±????????§???????????ò?????§?±???????????§????·??×(bronchopneumonia)
  2.???ò?°·????ú??
  ???????????????ú???????ò?ú??·??×?ò?ú???????ó?à????????????·?×é????
  ???????ò????·????????????????????ó??·?×é?????????×???????????ú?×?ú?¤(×?????·??×??hypostatic pneumonia)?? ???í?é×í?°?è?????ó(?ü????·??×??inhalation pneumonia)??
  3.???í±???
  (1)???????????§?????????????±?????§?×??????????·?×é???ú????·????×?ò·???????
  (2)????????????±????????????ó???÷?????????ó?????????±????1cm??????????????????????
     *???????§????·??×(confluent bronchopneumonia)?????ó?????????????ó??????±??????????????ó??±????????????????????????????????????ù????
  4.???í??????????
  (1)·???????????????(???????????§???????????×?????????????¤?§???????¤)??
  (2)???ü?§???°×??¤(?????????§?????°·??????????à????????????·????¨?????????°??????°?)
  (3)??±????÷???÷???¨??±??ó??3-4cm????????±????÷??
  (4)?????????°????????(??±??????§?????°·?????????????????)
  (5)x????????????·???????×????°
  5.??·???
  (1)???ü????????±?·?×é?????????????????÷????????????±??????§?????°·????????????ú?????????ò???°?ì·????¨????????????????????±???·?????????????
  (2)????????????·????×?????????±???ú·????????·?? ???????±???????????ú????±??? ?ú????????????
  (3)·??§?×???§?????§??°?????
  ????*?ó????·??×????????·??×????±???
  ?×?????? ???????????????×?????????§???×
  ??±?·??§ ??????·??ó????????????·?????
  ???? ???????à·?.×ó?????à ?? ??·??÷??.±??à?°?? ???à
  ??????·??ó????±?.?????ó?? ????????(?±????1cm)??????±?
  ??????  ?????????× ???§???×.·?×é????????
  ??????????×é??????.·???±??ê??
  ?¤?ó?????????????????????????? ????
  (??????????·??×?¨Viral Pneumonia?????à·??ú??????·??×
  1.???ò?????ü???????????ò???????ù??
  ??????????????????????-·?????????????L?ü????·±??????????????????·??¤????
  2.???í±???????????·??×?¨interstitial pneumonitis??
  
  (1)????????±????÷????(???ì?±?????????ì?????÷??±?????????±í????????·??×)??
  (2)???????×?????§?????????§????±??°?????§???????????°·???????·?????·????????÷?????í???????????×????°???°?????????°????ó??·?????????°????????ò???????????????????×?????????? ???÷?¤????(·??????????????????????¨?????????ì?????¤?ù???ù????·?????±í??)??
  ???????í×é???§??????????????°ü????-???¤??°?°??????ò°????????????ò???????ì????°??ó???????á???ò?????????????????§?????????????÷???? *???????¨??????????????·??¨??
  ????*??????????±???×?????????0.5???×????????·??×?±??·????????á??×é?????×?×????°????ó???°???÷?¤??????????·???????????????°???????±í???±???÷????
  ????
  ????·????×(pulmonary emphysema)
  ????1.???????????ü???§??????·???????·???????·????ò????????????????????????????°é??·?????????????????·?×é???????????????????ó?????????í×?????
  ????2.???ò?°·????ú??
  ????·????×???§??????·?????????????·?????×??à????????×è???????§?????×??×è????·????×·??ú?????ü?·??????????(?÷???????§????)?×????·???????????????
  ????(1)???§????×è?????¨????°???a.?????×????????????±????????????¨?ú???????§???????ê??×è???ú???ü????·????????????§????B.???§?????§??×é?????????×?????????§?????°·???±????????????ú?????±????±????°?????±·???±??????????ú·????????????????à??C.???§????±????±?ü???????????????§??????·?????????Lambert?×????±?????????·????????????±???×±???????????????????
  ????(2)?????°°×?????à??????????
  ?????????????×?ú ??????????°??°??????°??ú ??·??à???????°°×??(????????????1-AT??????????????)?°?ú???ó????×????ù?ú ?????°°×???ü?????????? ?ú ????·?×é?????????????°°×???? ?????????°°×?à???ú ????·???±??á????
  ????*??×????ù(????????°??°??????°???·?)????1¨C?????°°×??(??1-antitrypsin?? ??1-AT)?§?????????????????°°×????????????
  ??????????????1¨C?????°°×???±·?(?ò????)????·???·????×?????ò??
  ????3.·??à?°???í±???
  ????(1)·?????·????×(alveolar emphysema) ×è????·????×(obstructive emphysema)
  ??????????????????·????????????????ü???§????????×???????·???????·?????±??????÷????
  ???????????????????ü???§?????ú ·??????à??????·???·????×?????×?????±???ó??1cm???????ó????·????×
  ?????????????§??(????·????×)?? ·????????à????·???????·????????????ü?????ü???§?????ù±???????????????????×è????·???????
  ????(2)??????·????×(interstitial emphysema)
  ????·??????±?è?????ú·???±??ò???§????±??????ú????????·??????ú·??¤????·??????????ú???é×????????ú?????§???????°???????????ú·?????×????ò?±???????????????¤?????×??
  ????(3)???ü
  ????????????·????×(?????ò??·????×)(paracicatrical emphysema)
  ??????·??ó??(bullae lung) ????????????·????????? ???????????ó?????????×?????±???ó??2cm?? ?à?????????????????? ???????¤????
  ???????ú????·????×(·?????·????×)(compensatory emphysema)
  ????·???????·????????ó???à·?×é????·????ú???????????????ò??????°é??????·???±?????????
  ???? 4.??±?
  ????(1)??????·????????ó??±????????? ??°×???í?????????????????à×?
  ????(2)??????·?????????????±???????????·????×???ó??·???±??????????????????? ·??????????¤???????????ú??·?????
  ????5.????±í??
  ????(1)?????????ü?§????×??¤???±????×???
  ????(2)??·?????
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  ????·??????????????????????????·×è???ü?ü?ú·??????????ü?ú·?????
  ??????×?·?????????·??ó???????ú?ó???????????????ú?ó????·?????
  ?????????ü?????°·???????????????PaO2 <8Kpa(60mmHg)?????ò??PaCO2>6.67KPa(50mmHg)???????????°?????á?????????÷?????ú???????????????????ü?????ì??????????????°????÷??±í????×????÷??·???????(±í????·??ê??°????????????????è????)??
  ??????
  ????·?????
  
  
  ???????ü????????
  (??)??????·??à
  1.???????????????ü????????????°?????????????·???????????·??§??°é???ò??°é???????????????????í??????
  ??????°???PaO2????8kPa?¨60mmHg????PaCO2????6.67kPa?¨50mmHg??×÷?????????ü??????±ê×???
  2.·??à???ù??PaCO2??·???????·??????????????¨?????????????á???????¨?ò???????ù??·????ú??????????·????¨???????????????ü???????ù????·???±?????????·??????à?????????????ü??????
  (??)·????ú??
  1.???????¨????×??¨restrictive hypoventilation?????ü???±·??????????????ù??????·????¨????×????????ü????????°?????????????????????????·?????????????????????????????????
  2.×è?????¨????×??¨obstructive hypoventilation???????????????ò×è???ù?????¨????°?????????????×è??????×è????????????????±í?????ü???????ü?§??????×è?????????????????ò±í?????????????ü?§??????????????×è????????????????????????±í???????????ü?§????
  3.??????°??¨diffusion impairment??????????·????¤?????????ò·????¤?ì?????????????±???????ù????????????????°?????·????¤???????????±·????¤??????????°??????±???á·??ú??????????°???????·???????·?????????????·????¤??????????????·????×??·??????÷?¤???????????????±?????????±??????·????????±???????????±????????????????????·???
  4.·????¨???????÷±????§?÷??????·?·????¨????×????¨???????÷±???????????±???·?·????¨???????????÷???à?????????????÷??????·?·???????????????·???????±??????????????????????????????¨venous admixture???ò??????·??÷?¨functional shunt????????·?·??????÷??×????¨???????÷±???????????±???·?·??????÷?????¨???à??·????¨????????·????????????????ù?¨???¨dead space like ventilation????
  (??)?±?????ü????×????÷?¨acute respiratory distress syndrome??ARDS?????????±??·??????¨·???-?????????¤???????????????ü?????????ú????????·???-?????????¤???????°?×???é????×÷????·??????¤?????????????¤?¨??????????????·????×????·???????????°???
  1.???ü???á???????????????ó???ù??????????±??????????????¨?????????????????¨????????2.?ú?????á???????±???ù????
  3.???ü??????????
  ????PaO2???????¤?±?????????÷?????????§?????÷??·????????????ü???????±???????ü???à???±????????×÷????PaCO2?????÷??×÷???????à???§?????÷???????ü???à??·????±PaCO2????80mmHg?±??·??????????ü???à??
  ???¨????????????????????·??????????????à?????????±?????????????ó?????±???????????????à?????ü??????????????·??ó????????·????????à???????ú????????·????±?????????????ó????????·????????????????¤???±????????·?????±??????????¤???±???????ú?????ì??°????à?????????à????????·?????±????????????ó???????????±?????á?????????????????????????????ü?§???±???????????????à??????
  ???ü??????????????????°?????·????????¨pulmonary encephalopathy???????ú?????????á???????±????????????×÷?????á???????±???????????????????????¨???????????????????????×?????????????????á???????±????????°???×÷?????á????????????°±?á????????????????-°±?ù???á?ú?????à?????????à???????????×??????????????????????·?????????????°???×é????????
  (??)?????±????????????±????????????ü??????·??ú?±?????????????????±???á?????÷????±??????????????????????????????±?????????á????·??????¨?????????????????????????????÷???????ù???????ü?????±?????????????¤??????????????????????????????±???
  
  ???°??????????
  ??????????????
  ????·?????±???·????×????????·??×???ó????·??×?? ??????·??×?? ·?????????
  ????????????
  1.?ò???ó????·??×?ì?????ù±?????±??????°???????í??????
  2.?ò????????·??×?????í±??????÷??
  3.?ò??·???????????·??????ò?°·????ú?í??
  ??????????
  1. ???????????¨????×????????°??·??ú?ú????
  2. ???ü?????±?¨???????÷±????á·??ú????±?????????·??ú??
  3. ???ü???????ó????·??ú??????????
  4. ????·??????????????°??·??ú?ú????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:19:39)

  ??°?
  ???????????ó
  1.?????÷?????×?????í±?????????
  2???????×??????????·??à????±????????°?????ú?????°?ì
  3.????????????????·??????ò??·????ú?í?°???ú?????°?ì??
  4.?????±?????????×??·??????ò?°???í±?????????
  
  ????????????
  1.????????????·??????ò??·????ú?í?°???ú?????°?ì??
  2.?÷?????×????±?????
  3?÷?????×???ù±???±?
  
  ????????????
  1???÷?????×?????ò?°·????ú?í
  2??????????????·??????ò??·????ú?í?°???ú?????°?ì??   
  ???????§·?·¨
  1?????????????????à???à?????????????????????°?à·???????????·??????§·¨???????????????????á???§?ú???§?°???¤??
  2????????????????????×é???á????????????????×?????·????ù±??????¨???????????ú????
  3???á?????????????????????????á?????????á?????§??????????????????????
  4??×??????é???????à?????§?????????°????????
  
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  ???????×?¨enteritis??
  ??????·??±??????????????°??????ò???¨?????????????????????????????à????
  (???? ?±???¨???????×??
  ·??????ò
  ???????í?????????????¤?±?????????????????????ò?§?????????÷?????í???÷?????????????¤?×?????±?ì???????????????????????????????????????¤±í??????°????÷???????????????ò??°×??????°×?????í???????§?????????à??????°??á?×???????ì?????¤?°???????¤?????á??????·?±??????????????????×????°????ó??
  ???????ì??A??B??C??D
  (???? ?????????×
  ·??????ò
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  ???????ì??A??B??C??D?¨?????????í???????÷????
  (???????????????×???à???±???ò???±?????????????????ó????????????·???????
  1.???¤?????×????????????°×??°????????????¤??°??ì????????????°×????±??¤???????????¤?????×??°????????¤??????????????·??????ò
  
  2.???¤?????×???????¤??????????????????????????????×é?????????????¤????????????????????????°???????????°????????¤?????±??°?????????????·??????ò
  ???????ì??A??B??C??D?¨?í???????í????????????
  
  ???????????????ú????????????±?
    ?¨?????±?á????   ?¨?????????????ú??   ?¨????????????
  
  ???????×?¨hepatitis??
  ????°????ò·??à?????????????×???????????×?????ú???????×
  (?????????????×
  1.?????????×??
  ????·??????ò
  ???????í???????¨1???????????????×?ó????????±?????????±??¤????????????·???????°??ì?????ì???ò???????à????°?????????????????°×?ò?????????ó?????????????????¨2?????????????????????????????????ò??????????????????????°???·?????±????ò???ò?ù±?????°???°????ó??????????????·????í?????????×??????°????ò°??????????ì????°ü????????????×é???ò????????????????±í???????ò???????????????????ì????????×???
  ???????ì??A.?????????????×
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  ??????????D.?í???????×?¤
  2.???ú?????×????×é??±????????????????§?×?ò?????×???÷?????í???÷??
  ?????¨1????±??????÷?????×?????×?ó????????????°??ì?????±???????????ò??????????×??ò°?×???????????°×?ò???????????????????????÷??????????????????????°?????±???????·?±????ò????±???????????????????????????°????÷???×????°????ó??·??????ò
  
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  ?¨2???????????÷?????×?????×????±í???????????í?à????????????°×???????????????????ì???ò?????????ú???à?????????????????????ò????????????????????????°??????????????ù?????á???ì?????????????§?????×????°????ó???????????????????????°°×??°????ó?????ú????????°?????×???°????ú????????°????á????·??????ò
  ???????ì??A.??°??????ú???????à
  ??????????B.?????????ú???????à
  ??????????C.?í???????ú???????à
  ?¨3???????§???÷?????×?¨????
  ?¨4?????????×???????÷?????×?????????ó?????????á?????á????°????????á????????????°×???????ù???????¨???±???????????§???????¤?ù??°??à??????°?????°???°????÷????????????×é?????????§?????ì???á??×é????·??????ò
  ???????ì??A.?á???????à
  ??????????B.±????????à
  ??????????C.·????ú???????à
  3.???ú?????×?????????ú???ú?????ú???ú???????ú???°?????ú???????ú???????±?????ì??????°???·?±????????à??????????????°???°????ú?????¨?????ú???????÷????????????????×é?????????ó???ú????
  ???????ì??A??B??C??D
  4.???ú???????×?????????????ú???????????ò?¨???¨?????ú?ò???????ú?????×??????????????·??ú??
  ???????í??????
  ?¨1?????????ú?????????×?????à?×?ó??±í?????í?à???????????????????????????????ò?????????ì??????°????????????????????????§?????ú??????????°?????????°???°???·????ó???????¤??????????°???????
  ?¨2?????ú???????????????×?????????????????????????????????ù????·??ú???????????????à±í?????ó????????????°×°??????¨???é°??????????ì?????????????????????????????????§???ó?????á??????°???????????????°?????°???°????ó?????????°???????á??×é?????ú???????¤???????à°???????
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  (?????????????×???×???????????°?????????ú???ú????????????
  ???????í??????
  ?????à???±?????????×??????×é???????????????????????????±°é?????????×???????????×?ó?±?ì??????????????????°??????×?±?????à??????·?±????????±????????????????????????·?±????±??????é????????????????ó????????????????????°??ó????????±?????°é????·?±?????
  ????×????????±???????????????????????????á??×é?????ú??????????????
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  ????????±??¨hepatic cirrhosis??
  ???????????÷?????ò??????????°????????????ó???????????ó???á??×é?????ú??????°??á??×????ú???????à±?????±?????°ü?¨??????????±????????ó????±??????ú??????±???
  ???ì??A.????????????????????????°????????ó???á??×é?????ú???????????????????????§??????????????????????????×è??????????????????
  ??????????B.?????ó????±?
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  ???????í???????¨1???????×?ó???????á?í?????ó±í??????????????????????°?????°×?????????ó?????????????????¨2??????×é????·??????????×?????????¨???????????????????à???ó????·??ú??????·??ú????×é????????·??ú???????????????????§??????????°????ó??
  ?¨?????????????×???à???±??×????????????í???????¨1??????????????????????????±í?????????ú???á??×????????¨2??????×é???ó??±?????????????????????×????????á??×é???ó?????ú???????????§???á??×é?????ú??°???°????ó??
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  1. ?????????±??????????????????????·??ú????
  2. ????????????????????°±???????????ú????
  3. ???????????????????ü?????ù????????????????
  4. ????????°±?ù?á?§?????????????????ú????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:20:10)

  ??°?
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  1. ???????×??·??à??·??ú???ò
  2. ????????????????·????ú?í
  3. ?????????ò???×?????ò??·????ú?????ù±????í±????°????±í????
  4. ?ì?¤???¤???ú?????¤?????ú?????¤?????á????±????????ò???×????±??°??????????
  
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     ????·????????????????????????±?á???§?ú???§?°???¤??
  2. ??·??????à?????????????°?????????????à?????§??????°??ú?§?ú?±?????????í???÷??
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  1. ?ó??
  2. ?????ò?¨renal corpuscle???á????
  ?¨1???????ò?????ò?????????????????????ò?????????à??·??§??????20-40??????????°í??
  ?¨2?????ò???¨±??ü????Bowmen??s capsule?????????ò?à?????¤??°??°±??????¤??°???????????
  ?¨3?????????¤????????????????????·???°ü?¨???¤??°??°?ù???????§??????????????????????
  ???°???????????¤?á??
  ?????????¤??°?????????????????70-100nm???°?×
  ???????ù ?× ?¤???????????à???è??????????????????
  ?????????¤??°???°???????×???????????20-30nm??????
  3. ?????ò????????
  ?¨1??????×÷?? ?ú?ú???ò??
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  4. ?????????????????ü?????÷???á????????
  
  ???????×
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  ?????¨?????????ò???×?¨glomerulonephritis??
  ????1.?±???????ò???×?¨acute glomeralonephritis??
  ?÷?????í±???·??ú????????????????????°ü?¨±????????????ú??±?????
  ·??????ò
  ???????í???????¨1?????à?????á???×?ó?????????????á?í??±??¤?????à??°?????±í?????????±?ì?¤????????????????????±í???°?????????????ó???????????¨2?????????????????????????????????????????¤??°??????¤??°??×???????ú?????????????????????????±????????????°?????????°????????????????????ò?ó????°??????÷?????à????????????????????????????????????°×??°??ì??°??°???????????????¤×é??????±????ò??·?±??? ?????????????????÷???????????????????????????×?°????°×??°????ó??
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  ?????¨2???ì?????????????ò???×?¨subqcute glomerulonephritis??
  ·??????ò
  ???????í???????¨1?????à?×?ó??????°×?¨?ó°×????±í?????????????à?????????????????????¤???????í???è??·????÷??????±????????????¨2????????±??????¤??°????ú????????±???????????±??????ò???????°???????±???????ú?????¤??°??·??°ü??????????±??±?ò???°?·×????±????????????·??????ú??????·????????¤??°????????°°×??????????°??°?ì??°????????????é×???????????????????????°????ú?ú?ó??????????????????????????????±????????????????ú????????????????????×??ó?????????ò???????ò???§?ù±???????????·??ú±?????????????????????????????
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  ?????¨3???????????ò???×?¨chronic glomerulonephritis??
  ????  ???¤???????ò???×?¨membranous glomercdonephritis??
  ·??????ò
  ???????í??????a?????ò?????????ù?×?¤???à????????????????????????????±????ù??????????????
  ????b???à???????ó?????????í?????à??????????????
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  ???????¤?????ú???????ò???×?¨membranop rodife rative glomerulone phritis??
  ·??????ò
  ???????í??????a?????ò???¤??°????ú???ù?×?¤?????????ì?????????ò·??ó??·???×??????¤??°????ú?????¤?????í?????????ì?ù?×?¤???????ò??????
  ????b???????à±??????÷?????í?????à??????±í??????????×???
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  ?????????????????????ò???×?¨chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis??
  ?????????÷?à?????ò???×·??????í???????í?à?????????????¨contracted kidney????????????
  ???????í???????¨1?????à???à??????????????°×??????±?????±í????????????????×???±??¤???????¤???????????í???????¨2???????ò????·??ú????±???????????????????±??????????÷????????????????±??????????????????????????§?ù±??????????ò?±?????????????§??????????×é?????ú?????????????à????????????·??ú????±?????????????????????·??ú?ú????·??ó???à??????????????????????????????????????????????×?±í????
  ???ì??A??B??C
  ?¨?????????????×?¨interstitial nephritis??
  ?????à???????????????????????????????????????ó?????ú?????í????PRRS???????????¨??????????°????ê????
  ????1?????????????????×?¨diffuse interstitial nephritis??
  ????(2)?±?????????????????×???ú±í????????????????
  ???????í???????¨1???????×?ó??±??¤?????×??°?????±??¤???¤??±í?????????????????ú????°×??°????ó??????????°×??°??????????????????¨2????±??÷???????????????????????????×????°???°????°??????????°?????????°???????????????°????ó???????ò±??????ó????????????±??????????????§??
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  ?????¨2?????????????????????×???????????????¨????????°????ê????
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  ???????ì??A??B??C
  ????2?????????????????×?¨local in terstitial nephritis???????????ó?????ú/?????????ú?°???????ú??????
  ???????í???????¨1 ???¤???????????á??×???°×?????????ó?????????????÷?????á?????????×??±??¤??????
  ?????¨2?????????à????°???°?????°?????×????ó???ó????????°????ú??????×é?????ú???????????????????????à??·??ú±??????????????§??
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  (??)???????×(pyelonephritis)?¨15min??
  ??  ??????
  1.?¨???????????ú???????÷?????°???????????????????????±?????????§???×????
  2.????±í??????°é·??????ü?????????§???ú?ò??°ò?×???¤??×????í??????????????????????
  3.·????é??????·??ú???????ê??
  ?????ò??·????ú?í??
  ?????ó?????ú 60-80%
  1.???ò?????ú???? G-?ú
  ????    ±??????ú???ú?????ú???????ú???????ò?ú
  2.?????????? ???????????? ??°??????????????????¤?×?????ú?¨?????????ò?ò?????????§???????????????ò?ú?à???????à???????±??????
  ????????????????????°ò?×?×???ò???×?ú???ò???ò???ò?????§??°????ú?????ú???????????????ó?????ú?à??????±????°???à?ò???à???à??
  3.·????ú????
  ?????? ?×???ó?????ú???ò?????ú?¤??A???ú????????????B?ò????????°ò?×???ì??C?????ò??????D?¤??±??????×??????
  ?????? ???????ò?·??×è?????ú??????·±????
  ?????? ·??÷?????ò???????ì???????ì?±?§??±?????í?????°ò?×?????ü???ò??·??÷?????ò???ú?????ú ?????ú???é?·?×?ú???????ú????·??÷?¨????32????
  ???????????????×?¨20min??
  ?????????????±?????????×?ò???°?±?????ò???????????×???ò?·??×è???ê?????????ò??????°ò?×???ò??·??÷??·???·?×÷??×?????????
  ???????í±?????±í???????????????????????×??????·???·?×÷????????????????????????
  ????1.??????
  ?????????????¤???????????×??????±????????ò??×?·?????????×é?????ú???ó????°???°??°????°????ó??
  ???????????????????????????????????????????ù???ì???????ù?????????××????????à????
  ???????????ò??????±??÷???????ò?????§????????????????????±????÷?????í???????ò??????????±??¨????33???????????????????????????¤?×???í???ò??±?????????
  ????????·??????ò???ú????·??ó??
  ???????±??·?×÷?±?????à??????????°????ó???????§?×??????
  ????2.?ó???? °??????????????¨????°????????????????????ò?? ?×?÷????????????
  ???????????????????ó??????????????????????±?????
  ??????±í??????±??????????ò°????¨????34????
  ?????¤?è·??????????é?·????????????????±????????????¤????????????
  ??  ???????í????????
  ???????±?ò???????ò?°°ò?×???¤??×???
  ?????? ?à?ò?????????????????????ú?ò?¨???????????ú?????????????ú?????á??????
  ????????????????????×é?????????????????????ú?±???ú?????ü
  ?????á?????????????????????¤??·???·?×÷??
  ??  ??????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
  (??)????
      ??????????(renal insufficiency)?????÷?????ò???????à???ò??????????°??????ú???ú???°???????????????????????????ú?ú?????????????á??????????????°é?????à??·?????????°???×????÷??
  ??????????????????????????(renal failure)??±????à??????????????????±?????????????°ü?¨????????°????á???????????????????????????ò???????????????í???×?????????????????????????ù?ù?¨????
  (??)·??à
  1.?±????????????(Acute Renal Insufficiency)
      ?±????????????(acute renal insufficiency??ARI)?????÷?????ò???????à???ò?????????????±???????????????????????·?????¨???????????????????????á?????????????°?ú???ú????????×????÷??
       ?¨?????±?????????????????ò·??????à?????°?????????????ó??
  (1)???°???±????????????(Prerenal acute renal insufficiency)
       ???????ò?????????????à?÷???±?????????????????ò??????°??????±?????÷??????±????????à?÷???°?±???????ò???????????????????????????????????±????????????(functional acute renal insufficiency)??
  ?????§???·????????
  ??°??????ó?????§
  ???????????????????????????????????ú?ó?ó??????
  ?????????§??????????????????
  ?????§?????ò?????????±?????????¤????????????
  ?¤·????§???ó?????????ó??????????
  ????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????§??????°ü????
  ??????????????
  °????????????????????é×í
  ???????÷?????§??±?
  ??????×????÷
  (2???????±????????????(Intrarenal acute renal insufficiency)
       ?????÷?????ò????????????±????ú?ú???±???????????????????÷?????±????????????(parenchymal acute renal insufficiency)??
  1???±????????????
  ?????????±????
  ??????????
  ??????????????
  ???????ú??????°·?à??°±?ù???à?????·?????????????????ú?????ú?·???ú??
  ???????ú???????????????????????????????????×????
  ?????ú?????????????????????ú???¨??
  ??????????????
  ???????ì?°°×?????ì?°°×???ò?á???á?§??
  2???????ò?ò??????????
  ?±???????ò???×???±???????×
  3???±??????????±?
  ??????????°·?à???·???ú??
  ?????????±?????????×
  (3)???ó???±????????????(Postrenal acute renal insufficiency)
       ???????????ò?·(?????????ò????????????)??×è???????±?????????????????????ó???±????????????(Postrenal acute renal insufficiency)??
  1???ò?·×è?????á?????×?????????????à×è??
  2??°ò?×????×è?????°????·??ó?????ò????????
     ·????ú??(Pathogenesis)
  ?????±??(Renal ischemia)
  ????????×è??(Obstruction of renal tubules)
  ???????????ò·??÷(Reflux of urine)
  ????×é????°??????°?ú??(Injury of nephric cell)
  2.??????????????(Chronic Renal Insufficiency)
       ????????(°ü?¨???à?°???????í??????)??????????????·??ú?????????????ò???????????ê?ò?ü?¤???±???ó????????????????????·??????ú??·????????????·?????¨???ò???????????ú??·??????ó?????????????????á?????????????°????·?????????°????????é??????????????????????(chronic renal insufficiency??CRI)??
  ???????ò(Etiology)
       ·???????????????????????????????????CRI?¨±í12-4???????????????????ò???××????à??(??12-8)
  ????·???????(Progress)
       CRI????????????????????????????·????ú???????§?ú??????
  (1)?ú????(Compensation stage)
       ???????à???????ó???ú?????????????????à???????????×?????????????????á????????????????·????ú?????????ò?????????ò?????ù±??????????????????·???????¨??????????×??????ú????????????????????30%???????????ú????±ê???ì?????????à??±????????????????????????à?÷???????¨???????????????????????????????±?????ò·??ú???·????????
  ?¨2???§?ú????(Discompensation stage)
       °ü?¨?????????????????????????????ò??????(±í12-5)??
     ·????ú??(Pathogenesis)
  (1)???????????§??(Intact nephron hypothesis)
  (2)???÷?§???§??(Trade-off hypothesis)
  (3)?????ò?????????§??(Glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis)
  (4)??????-????????(Renal tubule-interstitium injury)
  
  
  ???°??????
  ??????????????
  ?????????? ??·??????????????? ?ó?ì?? ????×????÷ ?±?????××????÷??
  ????????????
  1.?????±???????????ú?????ò???×????±??°???????í????.
  2.????????×????÷???????ò???×????????
  3.??±??????????????×???????????ò???×???ì??.
  4.??·????????????ò????????????????±???????????
  5. ??????±??????????????÷??????????
  7. ?±?????????????????ó???¨???ò????
  8. ?±???????????????ò??×?????????·????????????ò????·??ú?ú????
  9. ???????????????à?ò???à?ò???ú????
  10. ?ò?????????????????±·??ú?à?ò???ú????
  11. ???????????????±????????????????????·??ú????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:20:44)

  ??°?
  
  ???????????ó
  1. ?????????????÷×é???????í±???????
  2.????·????§?????×???ò????±??°???????í????
  3.???????§?????×??±?????
  4.???????á?????×??±??????°???ò
  ????????????
  1.·????§?????×??±??????????????í????
  2.???§?????×??±??°???????í????
  3.???á?????×??±?????
  
  ????????????
  ??  ·????§?????×??????????×????????ò
  
  ???????§·?·¨
  1.???????????à???????§
  2.?à??????
  ????????
  1.?à????????
  2.???§????????
  
  ????
  
  ?°??
  ???????????????????????ú?í?§?????????????????????í·????????????????÷??????????????????
  1.??±??¨??????????°???????????
  2.?à????±?·??ú?????????????????????á???????????????????°?¤????????×????????è?????ü??
  3.???÷???????ò×??????í·??????????????ú????°???????±í??????????±??????????à????°×???í????????????°?????????°????ú???????×??????
  4.??????±??ù????????????????????
  5.??-???????????????????§?????????ì??·??????????×??·????ò??????????????-??????????????????????????×é??????????????????????·???????????????????????????·??ú??????????±??????°?ì??×é??
  6.??????????????°?×é??????°?????????????T??B??°??ù?????§??????????
  ??????????????·???????????????????·????ú?í???×???????????????????????????????í±????°??????????
  
  ?????????????????????í±???
  ????A.??????±???????????????????????????±??í?????????§?ò?×????°????ó???????????×??
  ????B.????????±???????????±????????ò?????????????á?????????????á?÷???????????????ó???????????ò?ú???ú????????°???°ü?????????°??°??á???°°×?ì????
  ????C.??????°???±?????????????°????ú?¨?????????ó?????????ó????????°??á??????
  ????D.??????????±??????á?????????????è??±??????§??
  ??????????
  ???????ì?????????????×??±???
  1.???§?????×?¨suppurative encephalitis??
  ????·??????ò
  ???????í??????????×é?????????????§?×?????????????ó?????§?×???§?×????????°ü???????????????????§?????ú??????????°?????????????·??????????§????×é?????×?????????°????????±?????????????°????ó??
  ???????ì??A??B??C
  2.·????§?????×?¨nonsuppwrative encephalitis??
  ??·??????ò
  ???í??????
  ?¨1????×é?????????????§?????????????à??°????ó??????°ü?§???????°?×???±?¨cuffing????
  ?¨2????????±???????
  ?¨3????????????°????ú?????????????ó???????????ó????????°??á????
  ?????????ì??A.PRRS??
  ????????????B.?í??
  ????????????C.??????
  ????????????D.???÷??
  ????????????E.???ì??
  ??3.???á??????°??????×?¨eosinophilic meningoen caplalitis??
  ??·??????ò
  ?????í??????
  ?¨1????·??ú???í??????????
  ?¨2????±??????????á??????°????ó?????????????×???à???ó???????á??????°???
  ?¨3???????????????§?°???í????
  ?????????ì??A??B??C
  ???? ?? ??
  ????????????
  ????????1 ?????×?ò?§??×????ó perivaschlar inflammatory infiltrates
  ????????2?????á?? glial nodules
  ????????3 ????????°????ó neuronophagia
  ????????4 ???????ó satellitosis
  ????????5 ?????× cerebral edema
  ??????????
  ????????1 ·????§?????×??±??°???????í????
  ????????2 ???§?????×??±??°???????í????
  ????????3 ???á?????×??±??°???????í????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:21:58)

  ??°?
  
  ???????????ó
  ????1.???????????????????????????????í±??????÷
  ????2.????????????????????·????ú?í
  ????
  ????????????
  ?í?????í?¤?????í°??????ú?????í?ú???????ü×????????????????????÷??????°??????ú???????ì????°????????????????????????í?????×???????????§?????×???????????ú?????í????????????°?°×????×??????÷?????í±?????
  
  ???????§????
  ???????§?ú????????????????????±?????
  ????
  ???????§·?·¨
  ?????à???????§
  ????
  ????????
  ????1. ?à????????
  ????2. ±ê±?
  ????
  ????
  
  ????????????????
  1.?????????¨newc astle disease?????ò???ê??????±í????·????à??????·???·??×??????·???????·?????????????×??????í??????
  ?¨1????·????à??????????·?·??????????????????????????????×???á????·????§?????¤???×??
       ?¨2????·???·??×?????????????????????ü???×??·??×??·????§?????×?°???¤???×??
       ?¨3??·???????????????????
  ???°??????
  1. ?????????????????ú???§?????°·????ú?í??
  2. ?ò????·??????à?????????????í±?????????
  3. ?ò????·?????·??????????????í±?????????
  4. ?ò?????????????÷???????????§?????×?????????????è?×????????????????±???????
  
  2.???÷???¨wian influenza?????????????????????°???????????à±??????????????í±??????ì???ó???ù?????????í±???????????·????±?????ü?????????????????????¨HPAI???????à????
  ?¨1?????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ?????¨2???????????¨HPAI?????÷?????????????í·?·??????????·?±????·????×???±?????????????×??·????§?????×???¨?????????ü???×???¨??????????·??×????????·??×?°?à???÷?????????????????×??
  ?????¨3?????ó???????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ????     ?????????????????÷???????í±?????????
  ????3.?????????§?????×?¨avian infe ctions bronchitis??
  ?????¨1?????????ú???§?????°·????ú?í
  ?????¨2?????í??????
  ??????A.1-4?????????????°?§???????????????????×???§??????·??×???????×??
  ??????B.???????????°????????±????????????×???????°??
  ??????C.IB?????????????????×???ò?á???????????ò???°?÷?à?÷??
  ?????¨3?????ó???????????????ú???§?????°·????ú?í??
  ??????         ???????????????í±?????????
  ????4.?í?????×?¨laryngotracheitis LT????
  ?????¨1????·????ú?í??
  ?????¨2?????í??????
  ??????A.?í?????????í?????????¤???×???????????°?????????í?·?×???????¤??????
  ??????B.?á?¤???????á?¤?×?????????×??
  ?????¨3?????ó????????????·????ú?í??
  ??????         ???????????????í±?????????
  ????5.?????????????×?¨infections bursal disease IBD??
  ?????¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ?????¨2?????í??????
  ??????A.?????????????????????×?¨?????????????×??
  ?????????????????????????????????????¨?????????????×??
  ???????????????????????í????????±????¨?????????????×??
  ??????B.?????????????????????ò???????????×???¤??±??????×??
  C.???????????????????????????ó???????????÷×??????????????????????????????ò??????
  ?????¨3?????ó???¨1?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í????
       ?¨2?????????????????í±???????
  ????6.???????è?×?¨avian encepha lomyelitis??AE???¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í????
  ???????¨2?????í??????
  ??????A.???í??
  ??????B.?????¨?ó????????????????
  ??????C.·????§?????×???¨??????°?±???????????????°????ú???????×??????
  ??????D.??×?
  ?¨3?????ó???????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
              ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  7.?í?????????¨morek?§s disease??MD??????????????????????????????????°?×é?????ú??????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ???????¨2?????í??????
  ?????????§?????????à?÷?????????????????¤???¤·???????·??ú??°???°????ú?????ó????????°???°????×????????????????°????????????à??????T??°? ??°?°?±??????????à??????°???°???
  ????????????A.???à??
  ????????????B.??????
  ????????????C.?¤·???
  ????????????D.????
  E.?ì????
  ?¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
             ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  ????8.??°???°???°×?????¨lymphocytic leukemia??LL??
  ???????¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ???????¨2?????í??????
  ????LL?????÷????????????????×??????????????????????°???è?????????????????ù????°×?????????ó??°ü?¤?????÷?÷????????×??ò??????·??????????÷????B??°???°?°?±??????????ó????????????°?×é????
  ?¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
             ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  ????
  9.???ì???¨gosling plque?????????????????????????????ì???????±???ò???±????°?????????????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ???????¨2?????í??????
  A.×??±???????÷????????
  ?????????í°???????
  ???????????ó???°?????????????????????×?????°???????????¨?é??
           B?±???????±???¨???????×??
  ?????????????????????±????a.?????¨?????????????????×??
  ??b.?ó?????¨?????????????í??????·????§????????
  ??????????????????????????c.?????¨?????????????×??
  ??????????????????????????d.???????????¨±??????×??
  (3)???ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  
  10.?????????¨???????¨vabbit hemorrhagic disease RHD??????????????????????????????????????????????????°?????????????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ?????¨2?????í±?????????
  ?????÷????°???°???????°??????????¤??°??????÷??±????????à???????????????×?????à???÷??×é????????????????????
  ?????????????¨°???±?????A.???????????????????×
  ????????????????????????B.????±????????×?°??????????????????
  ????????????????????????C.·?????????????????·??????¨??????
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  
  11.?í???¨hog cholera??HC???????í???????????????????????????????ù??????????????????·????±???????????????±??·????ú?ò?????????±???????????ì??????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ?????¨2?????í±?????????
         A.?±???í???????í??????
  ?????±?????????í???÷??±í????·??????????????????¤?????×???±??????????????B.??°??á?×?°???×???±???????ò???×??·????§?????×??
               a.?????¨A??B??C??D??
               b.??°??á
               c.??
               d.??
               e.??
               f.??
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
        ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  
  12.?í?ú?????????ü×??????¨porcine reprodnaive and respivatory syndrome PRRS???????í?????????????????????????????????í?????í?÷???????ú???????? ??×??í?ò???????à???????????±??°?????±?????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ?¨2?????í±?????????
         ×??íPRRS?????í±?????????
  ??????·??????????????°·??¤??·????×????????·??×??·????§?????×???±?????????????ò???×???±??????????°??á?×??
         ???ì??A.·?·???????
               B.·????§?????×
               C.·????×?°??????·??×
               D.????????°??á?×
               E.???????????????ò???×
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  
  13.?????¨arian pox fonl pox?????????????????????????à??????????·??¤·????????¤???¨°×?í?????°?ì??????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ?¨2?????í???÷????????????·?????????
         ???ì??A.?¤·???
               B.???¤??
               C.?ì????
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????????????í±?????????
  
  14.???????¨foot-and -moath disease FMD?????????????????????????????????±??·???????????????????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ?????¨2?????í??????
  A.???????????????????°?????§·??ú???÷????????
         B.?????????????÷???????±???????????×??????????÷????à
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????????????í±?????????
  
  15.???????¨rabies?????????????ó???????±?????????????????????????í±????ò???????????à???????ì??
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ?????¨2?????í±?????????
  ?????????????í???????í?????? ?????÷??????????·????§???????è?×?????????????????????à?????????ú?????????÷?????÷???í?à??????????????
         ???ì???????è?×?°??????????
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????????????í±?????????
        
  16.?í?????????????¨equine infectious anemia??EIA?????????í???°???????????í??????????????????????·??±???????±??????????????
  ?¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í
  ???????¨2?????í??????
             ??????????????°??????÷?????è??·?????????????°?????????°?×é?????ú??
         ???ì?????±??    A.???è  B.???à    C.??°??á  D.???àE.???à
               ?????±????A.???è  B.??°??á  C.???à    D.???à  E.??
  ?¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
              ???????????????í±?????????

• ping (2007-3-01 17:22:35)

  ???????ú????????
  ????1.°??????ú???¨Fowl cholera??FC??
  (1)?í°??????ú???¨pasteurellosis in swine???????í·????????????????ú????????????·?????·??÷????????·?????????
         ???÷?????í°??????ú?????à???±????????
  ???í?????????????????????????×???±?????×?????÷????????°??á?????±????°??á?×±??????±?????×?°???í???¤?°???¤????×???????
         ????·????í°??????ú?????à???±???ò??????????
           ???í??????°???±?????????????·??×
  (2)??°??????ú???¨avian pasteurellosis?????????????¨fowl cholera????????F??°??????ú?ù?????????à???±??°???????????????·???×??±???????±??????????????????
  ???í??????
  ??×??±???????à????×????????????????????? ????÷×·??¤???????°?????¤??????????????
         ???±??????A. °???±?????????????
                   B. ?????????????????×
  C. ??????????????????????·??×????°ü?×???????¤?×???????×??????????÷×??????
  ????(3)???ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
         ???????÷????????°??????ú???????í±?????????
  
  ???°??????
  1.????°??????ú????·????ú?í??
  2.???????í°??????ú????·??????????÷???????í±??????÷???????
  3.?????????í??????±??????±?????í°??????ú?????±?????????í????
  4.????????°??????ú????·????????????÷???????í±??????????????
  5???????????í??????±???????°??????ú????????????·????????????×??
  6.????????°??????ú??·?????? ?÷???????í±??????÷???????
  7.????????°??????ú??·?????? ?÷???????í±??????????????
  8.?????????í??????±??????±??????°??????ú?????????????
  
  ????2.?????????ú???¨salmonellosis??
  ?????¨1???????????????ú???¨?????±?????????ù???????????í±????????±??????????????
           ?????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???í??????
  ???±??????????°?????±????????×?ó??°??ì??±??¤???????????????????????±???¨?????????×????±?????°??á??????????????????°??×??
  ??????????·????¨?????????§???§????·??×?????????????????????¤?×?????ú?????×???????×????±???
  ?????¨2???í?????????ú?????í?±?????¨swine salmonellosis??
           ???í??????
           ???±??°?????????????°???°???±???
  ?????????×???????????ó???????????ò?????????¤?????×????±?????°??á???è?ù?×??????????±????????ú?????????????????±?????á????
  ?????¨3????°×???¨Pullorum Disease??
           ???í??????
  ??????°×????°×????·à?????×?ó±??????¨?????ó?????ú?¨?????????????×?ó??·?????????????????????·??°???à?ù???????ò??°×?????????¨???????×??
           ?????ê??°×???????????????????×????????·??????????¤?×??
  ?¨4?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????÷?????????????????ú???????í±?????????
  ????3.?ó?????ú???¨colibacillosis??
  ?????¨1??×??í?ó?????ú??(colibacillosis of piglets)??
  ??×??í????(yellow stour of newbom piglets)?????ú?ó?????±??1??????????1??3??????×??í·??ú???????±??????????????????????????????????????????????·à±????????????????????????÷??
             ?????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ??±?????????±??÷?????????????????????ò???????ú?á?????é?é?????????ú??????????????°×????±????????????±?ì???????????????¤???¤?????????×????????????????????????????±????°??????
  ??×??í°×???¨piy sconr??????10-30????×??í?à·????????±???????????????????????????é°×???ò??°×????×??ò??×?·à±??????????÷??
             ?????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
             ???í???????????????¨?????×?????÷?????÷??
  ??×??í???×???¨edema aisease of swine??????????×??í?à·????????±?????????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ???í?????????·?????×???????????×???????×?????à???×?????à?????à±????????°?÷?à?÷×é??????????°??????á??????°????ó????±????÷??
  ?????¨2?????ó?????ú???¨avian colibacillosis??
  ???????????ó?????ú???????????à????????×????????????????±??°????????ú???÷?????????????????????×???????????????????×?????????×?????????×?????×?·×??????????à???????????ò?×???????????????±??°????????ú???÷??????????×???????
           ???í??????A.?±??°?????
                       a.??????????°ü?×?°?????×
                       b.???????????¤?×??
                       c.?????????????×
                       d.???????????°??????°?±???
                     B.?ú???÷??????
                       a.?????×
                       b.???????×
                       c.?????????¤?×
                       d.???è?×
  ?????¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
           ???????÷?????????ó?????ú???????í±?????????
  
  ???°??????
  1. ?ò??×??í??????·????ú?í
  2. ?ò??×??í?????????????í±??????÷
  3. ????×??í°×????·????ú?í
  4. ?ò??×??í°×???????????í?§???÷
  5. ?ò??×??í???×????·????ú?í
  6. ?ò??×??í???×???????????í±??????÷
  7. ???????ó????????·????ú?í
  8. ?????????ó?????ú????°ü?¨??????????
  9. ?±??°????????ó?????ú???í???÷????????
  10.?ú???÷?????????ó?????ú???í???÷????????
  
  4. ?í?¤???¨swine erysipelas?????????í?¤?????ú??????????°??????¨?±???????¤·????é?¨???±?é?????????¤?×???à·????????×?°?¤·??????????í??????????????????
  ???????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ?????????í??????
  ?¨1???±??°???????????°?????????°?±?????±í????·?·???????????????°??á?×???±?????×?÷?à?÷??±??????×?????????à?×??×??÷????
  ?¨2?????±?????é?????ò?????????¤·??????????°?????ü???????????????×???????ì???¤·????é???????????é?ó???????à??·??????????ò?????ò??????
  ?¨3???????????à???±??°??????????±?????é??×??é?????????????¤?×???????×???¤·???????
  ?????????????ì??A. ?à???????¤?×
  ????????????????B. ?í?¤???????×
  ????????????????C. ?¤·?????
       ?¨4?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
            ???????????????í±?????????
  
  5.?á?????¨tubercnlosis?????á??????±????ú??·????????ú???????????????????????ú???÷????±??¨?á???????????????????????÷????±?
       ?¨1?????á?????¨2???í?á????  ?¨3?????á????
  ???ó???¨1?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
       ?¨2?????????????????í±?????????
       
  ????6.?±?á?????¨paratuberculosss?????????±?á??·??????ú??????????????????????????
       ???í?????????????????°?????????ú?????×???à???????????????ú????°??á?×??
  ???????¨1?????ì??A.???????ú?????×
  ????????????B.???????ú????°??á?×
  ?¨2?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
             ???????????????í±?????????
  
  7.???????????×?¨???????????¨ucrotic Enteritis?????????????×????C???????ó?ú???????±??????????????????
  ???????¨1?????í????????????????????????·à±?????????????×????????ó?????????????×??
  ???????¨2?????ì??????????????±?????
  ?¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
             ???????????????í±?????????
  ??????
  ??????8.???????ò?ú???¨avian staphylococcosis???????????ò?ú?????????????????ò?ú???????????±????????????????
  ???????¨1???????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ???????¨2???????à?????±??°????????ê?×?????????????×??????????·????°??·?????
  ???????¨3?????ì???±??°????????????????¤?×?ò???×???¤?×?????÷???÷?à?÷????°?????±?????
  ?¨4?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
             ???????????????í±?????????
  
  
  ???°??????
  1.?ò???????ò?ú????·????ú?í??
  2.?í???????¤?×?????????????????í±?????????????
  3???????????ò?ú???é???×?????í±???????????????
  4.???????ò?ú?????????????????
  5.???±??°??????????ò?ú??±???????????????
  6.?????????í??????±????????????ò?ú???????×???§???????¤?×???????????????×??
  7.???????ò?ú???????í±??????÷???????????????????
  8.?÷?????????ò?ú???????í±??????÷???????
  
  9?????????ú???¨Halmophilus infection??
  (1).??????±??×?¨?±?????????ú?????¨infetion coryza??IC?????????±?????????ú???????????????±?????ü??????????
  ?????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
  ???í??????±???±??????????????????????§???×?????·????íú???×???á?¤?×?????????×?ó??
  (2).?±?í???????ú???¨Halmophilus parasuis infection??
  ?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
          ???í±????????????í????????-???????????¤?×???à·????????×?????¤?×???à°é·?·??×
     ?¨3?????ó?????????????ú???§??????·????ú?í??
          ????????????±??×???±?í???????ú???????í±?????????
  
  ???????°????????
  1. ?????±?í???????ú????·????ú?í??
  2. ?±???±?í???????ú???????????í????????????
  3. ?????±?í???????ú???????????í????????????
  4. ?????????í?§??????±??????±?í???????ú?????í?§?????????í?¤?????í???ò?ú????
  5. ????IC??·????ú?í??
  6. IC?????????í±???????????????
  7. ?????????????í??????±?????????????±??×?????§?????????????????§?????×???????????í?????×???¤?¤????????VA?±·?????????
  
  ???????ú????????
  ????1.?ò?????¨coccidisis??
  ?¨1?????ò?????????ò????×???????1??2?????????????????à?????????ú??????°????ú?ò????????9?????????ò?????à???????????ú?????°???í±????????????????ì??
  ???ì??A.?¤???ò?????¨?á??°????ú?ò???????????????±?????????¤???×????????????????????
  B.?????????ò?????¨???????ò????°????ú?ò???????????????±?????????¨???????×?????????ú?????×??
  C.?????????ò?????¨????°????ú?ò?????????????????á???¨?????ò???ú?????×??
  D.?????ò??????????°????ú?ò?????????????ó???°?±?????????????×???????¤???????????????¨??
  ?¨2?????ò?????????ò???????????×???ó?ú???????????à???????????×?????ò?????÷??±í????????°????ú?ò???????????ò???????????ü?ò???????????ò??????
  ???ì???????ò?????????×???¨???×??????????±í?????????×?ó????±í???°???????????ó??????????×????¨???§?ù?á???ò???÷???????¨???×???ó???¨?????ú???????????ò?¨???°?????????????ó???á??×é?????ú???????????????°???????????ò???????ò?ò?????à????????????±????????ì???ó??°????ú?ò??????×???????·?????????????±????????°???×??????°????ú?ò????????????????·??????°?ó?????????¤???????í?à????????°×????????
  2.?????????¨toxoplasmosis???????????????????????ó?????????ú??????????????×???????°ü?????ú?????????÷?¨?í???????ò?????ó?????????????????????ì?????í??????
  ????????±???????1????????·??×?°·????×??2???????????×??3????°??á?×??4?????í??????
  ?????????ì???í??????????
  ????3.×é?????????¨histomoniasis????×é????????????????×é????????????????????????
  ??±????÷???????????????¤???×?°?????????×???×?·??
  ???ì??A.?¤??
  ????????????B.??
  ????????????C.?·??±???

• ping (2007-3-01 17:23:13)

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• feng0377 (2007-3-04 23:29:38)

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• thisisxgy (2007-3-06 21:11:40)

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• ???à (2007-5-05 14:47:24)

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